Torah · Halacha YomitLaws of Shabbat Candle Lighting - Part 6Rabbi Uri Nahum · August 14, 2022 · Shabbat Candle Lighting 6-15Play+30Position0:00—Save⌄ShareA Shabbat halacha class with Rabbi Uri Nahum.Recorded by BSD Productions.Transcript0:00Welcome to Halacha Hour on Wednesday afternoons here on J Root Radio.0:04The number to the stations is, the numbers to the station are 718-683-5858. That's if you want to call in.0:12I think, Baruch Hashem, I learned how to use the phone today, and hopefully we'll be able0:17to answer phone calls.0:18The text, which is the best way if you want to get your questions across, the text line0:22over here is 347-927-8398. Again, the numbers are0:29718-683-5858, and the text line is 347-927-8398. If you're listening on the radio,0:35so you see it's already0:3797.5. If you want to listen on the radio, now you know where to call.0:39The other thing is, if you want to listen online, it's jrootradio.com, okay? jrootradio.com if a person wants0:48to listen online.0:50I already see we have a call, but I don't think that's coming for the class.0:53So if it is for the class, I'm going to wait till it hangs up and then please call back0:56again.0:58Yep, let's get to the halachot.1:00Here on this halacha class, it's a halacha class where we work off the Ben1:04Ish Chai. We start from the Ben Ish Chai, and we focus on the halachot of Shabbat, specifically the1:10halachot of candle lighting,1:11and we've been doing the halachot of candle lighting for a while now.1:14And Baruch Hashem, today I really hope that we finish the parashah, the subject of candle1:20lighting.1:20So if you have any questions regarding the halachot of candle lighting, which was not1:24clarified, which was not said, please call and text your questions now or anytime during1:31the show,1:32and Baruch Hashem we'll take your question and hopefully, hopefully we'll have an answer1:36also as well.1:38Okay, we are up to Halacha Yud1:40Bet. Okay, I see a phone call.1:42Hold on a second.1:46Okay, hold. Okay, let's begin the halacha. Let's begin the halachot, Halacha Yud2:01Bet. We are up to Halacha Yud Bet, where we are up to the halachot of candle lighting for2:09the blind.2:09Just a quick thing,2:11somebody actually wanted to know last week.2:13Last week, we mentioned in last week's halacha class, we mentioned regarding the laws of2:18candle lighting when a person is going away.2:20And we spoke about people going away to their in-laws or their parents' house, and somebody2:24asked a good question,2:25and they said, You know, I go to my in-laws' house, but my mother-in-law would get very2:31offended if I would light in my room,2:32because we mentioned the halacha that if you're married and you're going away for Shabbat,2:36the obligation of candle lighting is on you with the beracha if you have a private room,2:42not in the room that's shared by everybody.2:44The rooms are shared by everybody that is covered with the single beracha that the hostess2:50makes,2:50and that's it.2:51You can't make another blessing over there.2:53But you still have the obligation of candle lighting, and you have to light in your private2:56room if you have a private room, which most married people do have a private room.2:59So the question was, my mother or mother-in-law gets upset if I light it differently because,3:06you know, maybe she feels like, Oh, why are you separating? Up till now we're doing it together.3:09She doesn't understand that the halacha is supposed to be lit inside.3:15Or another case, somebody asked me, he said, But it's dangerous. Sometimes the host3:19that you're staying by doesn't want any flames in the room, especially nobody's watching3:23where the flames are.3:25So in that case, what you could do is as follows:3:27you could go downstairs, or if it's not downstairs, into the living room, wherever3:31it is,3:31and wherever the host is making the blessing and on the candle lighting, you can listen3:37to their blessing, have, you know, be yotzei yedei chovah of the blessing, and light the3:42candles in the dining room together.3:43You cannot make the beracha. Remember, only one single3:46beracha, but they can make a beracha and have you in mind,3:48and then keep that in mind. Keep that the beracha should also cover you for the electricity3:53that you light in your room.3:54This way you put on a little bit of a light in the room if it's needed, like a night light,3:58or maybe you light in the hallway or light in the closet, which will give you some light4:02in the room.4:03You should not have your room in total darkness.4:05The light doesn't necessarily have to be inside the room. It could be— In the hallway, as long4:11as it shines inside of the room. Okay,4:14and now with that we'll move on to4:16Halacha Yud Bet. Halacha Yud Bet, the Ben Ish Chai talks about lighting when a blind person is lighting4:23candles.4:24Now we know that the purpose of lighting candles on Shabbat, we need to say before Shabbat,4:29before Shabbat, has to be in order you should have light,4:32and that's why we make the blessing and we make the bracha in order that we should have4:35light.4:36What about a person who is blind,4:38a woman who is blind, where she cannot have any benefit from light? We're talking4:42about completely blind.4:43She can't have any benefit from the lights.4:46Should she make a bracha or not?4:48So says the Ben Ish Chai over here, the words, I believe, come from the4:51Maggid Avraham: Suma, a woman who is blind, she could light the candles and she could certainly make also4:58a blessing on the candles for Shabbat.5:04However, it's preferable that her husband, who could see, should make that blessing. Okay,5:10so again, a woman who is blind may... she could make the5:14bracha. How come?5:15She's not benefiting from the lights,5:17and the answer is she is benefiting from the5:19lights. How is that so?5:21By her putting on the lights, by her putting on the lights, somebody else will have the benefit which will be able to5:26benefit her.5:27For example, if she's sitting down at the table and there's lights that she lit, her husband or her5:32kids who can see could give her things5:34when she asks and she says, Could you please pass me the water?5:37Could you pass me the salt?5:38Could you pass me a cup?5:40Could you get me this?5:41They're able to see from the lights that she put on,5:43and she also gets benefit from that.5:45By others being able to see, they could help her out,5:48even though she's in complete darkness all the time.5:51So according to the halacha, she could make a bracha on lighting candles.5:56However, the Acharonim bring down that it's preferable that her husband could see. He's the one6:02who should make the bracha as well as the lighting.6:05However, of course, if she's, you know, if a woman, especially this happens6:10for women, used to be able to see at one point, and lo aleinu she became blind afterwards,6:14so it's very important for her to light candles.6:16It's very important for her to make the6:18blessing. She's been doing it all her life, and it's very important to her,6:21then you keep it,6:22okay?6:22You allow her to light with a blessing, because there's no issur for a blind woman to light6:27with a blessing.6:28Me'ikar hadin she could.6:29It's just preferable,6:29if she doesn't mind, to give it over to the husband.6:32If she does mind, and especially if she's makpid, she insists6:38that she lights with the6:40bracha, you allow her to light with the6:42bracha. There's absolutely nothing wrong with it.6:43You could also make, you could answer amen.6:45There's absolutely nothing wrong with it.6:46It's fine.6:50Halacha Yud Gimel. Halacha Yud Gimel is a very interesting halacha, and maybe we're familiar with it, maybe6:57we're not, but let's go through the6:59halacha. Halacha Yud Gimel talks about touching the candles after they're being lit.7:02Let's go through the halacha first in the Be'er Nishai, and then we'll tell you the source7:05where it came from.7:07The Be'er Nishai says as follows: Asur lega b'ner Shabbat sheberechu alav7:11achar shehudlak. One is forbidden to touch the candles of Shabbat that they made a bracha on it after7:18it was lit.7:20Why? Mipnei shehuktsa l'mitzvato,7:23because now it became7:26mukseh, because you designated this candle, this flame, for the sake of a mitzvah, it became7:31mukseh. Af al pi shezeh nogea lo kibe Shabbat7:34adayin, mutar la'asot melacha. And this issur of touching the candles doesn't only apply to the one who accepted Shabbat;7:39it applies even to the other members of the household who did not accept Shabbat yet.7:43For them there's no Shabbat still.7:45For them they can't touch it,7:47they can't move it.7:48It's7:48mukseh. Not only can they not move it, they can't even touch it.7:52Even touching without moving it.7:54Usually the rules are by mukseh, we'll get to the halachot mukseh much later on, probably7:59next year.8:00The laws of muktzeh are that if a person is touching muktzeh without moving it, it's not a problem.8:05The issur of muktzeh is only to move it.8:06So let's say you have in your house an item that's8:08muktzeh. Let's say you have your telephone.8:10If you want to touch your telephone without moving it, that's not a problem.8:13The only time it's forbidden to touch muktzeh is by when you touch it, it's going to move.8:18For example, a raw egg. A raw egg is8:20muktzeh. There's nothing you can do with a raw egg. You can't eat it. People don't eat it.8:23So therefore, if you touch the raw egg and it's going to obviously move because it's round, it's8:29oval, so in that case it's going to move it, it's8:31asur. But otherwise, touching your phone, touching anything that's muktzeh is not forbidden as long as you're careful not to move it.8:38The issur of muktzeh is only when you move it,8:40okay? That's important to know.8:41So over here, what's strange is that here already there's one chumrah is that you're telling me that even though you did not accept Shabbat,8:49you're watching your wife light the candles. She finished lighting candles. She accepts Shabbat,8:53but you did not accept Shabbat yet. You cannot—not only can you not move it for some reason,8:58right, but also you cannot even touch it.9:02And what does he say9:04over here? Even to add oil to it, says the Ben Ish Chai. That oil tube, you're not really touching it;9:09you're just adding oil to the candle. That's also forbidden.9:17However, that's only true by the cup of oil, the oil itself, and the wick.9:23Regarding the flame, the flame is not a9:25problem. Which means, a person who did not accept Shabbat yet wants to use the flame of the Shabbat candles for something else.9:32He wants to light—I wouldn't say a cigarette, because cigarette, you know, we don't smoke cigarettes, right? It's not good.9:37But let's say a person wants to light another candle, okay?9:39He wants to use the Shabbat flame to light the stove.9:43So, fine, he didn't accept Shabbat. You're not touching the actual oil, the wick, and the cup.9:48That is fine.9:49Now, we have to understand where this comes from.9:50You should know the Beit Yosef quotes this halacha from the Shibolei HaLeket.9:55Shibolei HaLeket is one of the early9:58Rishonim—not early Rishonim, but one of the Rishonim, the rabbis from about 700 years10:02ago—and he writes this halacha. And the Beit Yosef says the following words. I'll translate in English,10:06and he says, I do not know reason why it should be forbidden for a person who has not accepted Shabbat to touch the candles.10:13It really makes no sense.10:15Beit Yosef says, I have no clue. I don't understand it.10:17So now, you would think that if the Beit Yosef brings the halacha and he doesn't understand it,10:21he brings it in the Beit Yosef,10:23must be we don't go that way.10:24But Shulchan Aruch, Maran, Shulchan Aruch brings this10:28halacha, even though he didn't understand the reason, but he brings it down.10:30Now, some Acharonim wanted to say, since there's no logic to the10:35halacha, that we don't find anywhere in the Gemara, that it's forbidden,10:38it's something that one of the Rishonim came up with without any hesber, without explaining it,10:43so maybe we shouldn't keep it.10:45However, Chas v'Shalom, the Leah Abba says no, but you have a few Rishonim going with this10:49halacha. You have the Rokeach, the Agur, the Piskei HaRosh, and they all go with this10:53halacha. So therefore... You have to go, we have to follow the10:57halacha, but there are reasons that are given.11:00We find two reasons that are given why this halacha, why it should be applicable.11:06Why is it forbidden for a person who has not accepted Shabbat to touch the candles after they were lit?11:11Number one is the Derisha.11:15The Derisha gives the first reason,11:16and he says, you know why it's forbidden to touch the candles?11:19Because there should be a11:21heker. There should be a sign to the people of the house that the candles are for Shabbat.11:27When we allow people to touch it and to move it,11:29what's going to happen is that people will move the candles all around,11:32and once you move the candles all around, it doesn't look like the candles were lit for Shabbat.11:37Now, even though they didn't accept Shabbat,11:39but since in their days,11:42every light that they used to have in the house was lit with a flame,11:46like the candles that we light today,11:48so it's not clear that you're doing it for the sake of Shabbat.11:50Maybe you're doing it for something else.11:51Maybe you're doing it for a11:54yahrzeit. Maybe you're doing it to light the rooms for that moment, but not for the sake of Shabbat.11:58So therefore, the Derisha explains this is the reason why you can't touch it.12:01Okay, that's reason number one that's given.12:04The second reason that's given is by the12:07Magen Avraham, and he says that the reason why you can't12:10touch—what's the reason why this candle becomes12:13muktzeh? It's because the person who lit the candles accepted Shabbat.12:17For him, it's muktzeh, right?12:18He can't move the candles. It's muktzeh for him.12:21Once it's muktzeh for him, he's the owner of the candle,12:24it becomes muktzeh for everybody else.12:26This will be true, okay,12:29this will be true by other areas as well.12:33L'mashal, if something belongs to you and it's muktzeh to you,12:37it becomes muktzeh for everybody else.12:41L'mashal, if a person— Lemashal, if a person has money on his pillow,12:45and again, I don't want to get into the laws of muktzeh so much12:47because they're very long and complicated.12:49If a person has money on his pillow12:51and he removed the money from the pillow,12:55okay, so if the pillow became12:58muktzeh, the pillow became a basis l'davar ha'asur, over Shabbat,13:01even if the money is removed, the pillow still remains13:03muktzeh. That's a13:05halacha. Now, even though it's not your pillow,13:07it's your friend's pillow,13:09it still becomes asur.13:11Why?13:13Because it's muktzeh to the owner,13:15it becomes muktzeh for everybody.13:16Here, explains Magen Avraham, the13:19candlelight have become muktzeh to the owner,13:22that's the lady who lit the candles,13:24it becomes muktzeh for everybody else as well.13:26Those are the two reasons that are given.13:28You should know each one has a leniency,13:30because according to the first reason,13:32that the reason is because it should be13:34as a sign for everybody in the house13:35that these candles are for Shabbat,13:38there's a very—13:41okay,13:43I see that somebody has a question.13:44We'll take your question right after I finish this13:45halacha. Please wait patiently on the line.13:48Okay, so there's a leniency that's brought down13:50by a very important book called13:52Shut Kinyan Torah.13:53It's a13:54Chacham Ovadia quotes it, many, many rabbis quote this book,13:57and he brings over there,13:58he says something that a lot of Acharonim go with,14:01and that is, and we mentioned this in the past,14:02being that today we use electricity14:04for our regular lights,14:06most people do not light candles.14:08For light, that means,14:09okay? You light candle for, you know, upon the stove.14:12You light candle, you know, to put on a fire14:14that's needed for something else.14:15But to use as a light, you don't use your candles.14:18So you don't need any other sign14:22to show that you accept14:24that these candles are for Shabbat.14:25The reason why we said it's14:26muktzeh, because in their times14:28all the candles were used for lights.14:31So therefore you need that these lights14:33should become14:34muktzeh, should show, should become muktzeh, that they should show that we accepted it14:36or they're lit for Shabbat.14:38Here, that we use electricity14:40for regular lights,14:41we don't need to show that these candles14:43are for Shabbat. Everybody knows it's for Shabbat,14:45so I don't need to make it14:47muktzeh. So you have already that leniency.14:48According to the second14:50explanation, that muktzeh once it becomes14:52muktzeh to the person, muktzeh for everybody else,14:54that's only true if you hold that you must accept14:56Shabbat by candle lighting, like the way the custom14:58of the Ashkenazim is. The Ashkenazim15:00light and accept Shabbat during lighting.15:02According to the Sefardim, there's no obligation.15:04It's better, there's no obligation.15:05Which means if a person has not accepted Shabbat,15:09technically it doesn't become muktzeh for him.15:12It doesn't become muktzeh for anybody else.15:14So therefore,15:15bottom line,15:17lechatchila, it's preferable that a person15:20should light the15:21candles and accept Shabbat like we said in the past.15:23Sefardim don't have the obligation of accepting Shabbat.15:26So therefore, if a person15:27did accept Shabbat or did not accept Shabbat,15:29but there's a15:31tzorech, it's necessary to move the candles after they were lit,15:34in that case you can move them15:36if you wait for something else,15:37whatever, something's going to happen.15:39You're allowed to move the candles afterwards.15:41But really, lechatchila, try to avoid moving the15:43candles at all. Even if you yourself15:46did not accept Shabbat yet,15:47you should still not move15:49the candles. Now we're going to go to the question15:51right now.15:54Hold on.15:57Hello? Yeah.16:00I have a question. What's it called? Let's say someone says, like, I heard people say they have 18 minutes. Is it before the candle lighting or after?16:10Okay, so you're asking the question regarding the 18 minutes. Okay, there's candle lighting in America. In America, we all know candle lighting time,16:17and everybody knows that there's 18 minutes after candle lighting, right? Or what's that 18 minutes?16:22Shabbat comes in once shekiah comes. What does shekiah mean? Shekiah means sunset.16:28Whenever the sun sets, everybody must accept Shabbat, okay? Whether we like it or not, Shabbat comes in.16:35Here in America, the candle lighting time is set for 18 minutes before the sunset,16:41and that you preferably should light at that time and accept Shabbat at that time. That's preferable.16:46If you're Sefardi, you do not have to accept Shabbat at that time. You could and you should. It's very, very good,16:53but a person does not have to. If they do not want to accept Shabbat at that time, they have,16:58so technically they have up to 18 minutes to do any melacha, to do anything that's necessary.17:04But you should know that there's a mitzvah to accept Shabbat a little bit earlier.17:08A little bit earlier means like a minute or two at least before Shabbat comes in.17:12So therefore, let's say sunset is at six, which means that candle lighting will be 18 minutes beforehand.17:18You should stop about two minutes to six with any melachot. Stop and be ready for Shabbat.17:24Don't wait for Shabbat to come in, but you should invite Shabbat coming in.17:27Okay? So technically you have about 16 minutes after candle lighting.17:31Thank you. You're welcome.17:34Okay, back to halacha. Back to halachot. So okay, that's halacha Yud Gimel.17:40Halacha Yud Dalet. Move on to halacha Yud Dalet.17:44In halacha Yud Dalet, it's a little bit similar to halacha Yud Gimel.17:48This is brought down by the Mordechi. Mordechi, again, is one of the Rishonim,17:52and the Rama brings it in siman17:57reish samech gimmel, se'if yud. This is a halacha to Ashkenazim, Sefardim as well, even though the Rama is the only one who brings it down.18:03And the halacha is as follows:18:06Yadliku ner Shabbat bimkom hanachatam. You should light your candles in the place that you want to keep them there.18:14V'lo yadlikum b'zavit zo v'yinichum b'zavit acheret. Don't light them in one place to move them somewhere else.18:21Even if you're allowed to go to move it, because up to now we said,18:24... went into the reason that if you lit the candles, you accepted Shabbat,18:29you made the candles muktzeh for the whole world.18:31So how could you move the candles? What are we talking about over here?18:33We're talking about over here that you have a goy, you have a non-Jew who's moving the candles for you.18:39Still, if you're planning to put the candles in the dining room,18:43don't light them in the kitchen and move them to the dining room.18:45You should light them in the place that you want to use.18:48That's what ... says over here.18:50Why is it a problem if you move them? If you light them in the kitchen and you move them to the dining room,18:55why is it a problem?18:58Shem ya'asu kein, אינו ניכר שלדלקו לכבוד שבת. If you do so, then it's not clear that you lit the candles in honor of Shabbat,19:03because it looks like you're just doing it for like a little bit of like a flashlight.19:06You're taking it all around.19:10V'chen, lo tadlikem v'al yadam b'yad hamsharet. Another thing is, let's say you have a servant, a worker, or one of your kids carrying the candles.19:16Don't light them in their hands and then put them down.19:19Make sure you put them down first and then you light them.19:22Then the ... says another example.19:24Let's say a woman is sick and she wants to light the candles and she can't get out of bed.19:28Don't bring the candles to her in her bedroom to light the candles and then move them to the dining room.19:34Wherever they're going to be. Wherever you plan to keep the candles throughout Shabbat,19:38that's where you should light them, okay?19:40The reason for this halacha, the Magen Avraham explains again,19:43because the candles have to be—it has to be that the candles are lit for Shabbat,19:49and it should be clear that they're lit for Shabbat.19:51If you light them and move them right away to different places,19:54it's not clear that you lit them for the sake of Shabbat.19:56So therefore, says the20:01Magen Avraham, if you lit them in the appropriate place,20:03and then there's a reason that a person has to move them,20:06they can move them afterwards,20:07because already you gave the sign it looks like you lit it for the sake of Shabbat.20:12You should know that this halacha is very important20:17because I didn't know how applicable this,20:19but I got a question like this.20:21Listen to the question.20:22Somebody says, I light candles,20:25and then after I light the candles, I move them right away20:27and I put them in the20:28sink. I said, Why do you do that?20:29He says, Because I'm worried about my kids.20:30My kids run and they jump and they might knock the candles down,20:35so therefore I put them in the sink. This way nothing happens.20:39Well, you should keep in mind the following.20:41You should know there are two things to keep in mind when you're lighting candles.20:44Number one is that the candles that you're lighting with the20:47beracha—in our days, we use electricity.20:51So lighting candles today doesn't really give us so much light.20:54We're really getting our main light from the electricity.20:57So the whole issue of lighting candles,20:59the whole concept of lighting candles in our day21:01that we make a beracha also on it,21:02is very complicated.21:03It's very—you know, a lot of poskim spend a lot of ink and a lot of paper21:08to try to explain how in the world are we lighting candles today with21:14a beracha if we're getting our main light from the electricity.21:17You know, if the lights shut off or on, you can't tell the difference in our days.21:22You have the electricity, which is a thousand times stronger than the lights.21:26So how is it so that we're making a21:27beracha? And they all explain different reasons.21:30Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach explains that it's a minhag of the Jewish people,21:35it's kavod Shabbat and honor of Shabbat,21:37and different explanations are given why exactly we make a21:40beracha. So you should know, but in the beginning, starting off already,21:43lighting these candles with the beracha is a little bit—not questionable,21:47chas v'shalom, we do it and we must do21:49it—but just it's not so simple. Why we do it,21:53that's what I'm trying to point out.21:55So therefore, when you do light and you make a21:58beracha, you have to make sure that the candles that you light have to be in the place that you're eating,22:02because at least over there you could say, you know, you're benefiting by looking at the candles.22:05You look at the candles and you see them, you get a little bit of a22:08hana'ah, you get pleasure, you get benefit from the22:11candles. Just like you go out to a fancy restaurant and they put candles on the table,22:15it's the same idea over here.22:16Shabbat, you have the candles by the table.22:19Sefardim, we light off the table, but still they're on the table,22:22so that's why we light. Fine.22:23But in any case, a person has to know that if you light in the dining room,22:28then you move them to the kitchen, in the sink,22:31or you put them away from the kids,22:32you put them on top of the fridge, on top of the bookcase22:34where you can't even see them, that's a big problem.22:36You're not getting any benefit from them,22:38not you nor anybody else.22:40One thing is to move the candles from the dining room to the kitchen.22:44Okay, you know what? At least in the kitchen people spend time in the kitchen,22:46they might eat something in the kitchen.22:48You could get some sort of benefit from the candles in the kitchen.22:51But when you're putting it on top of the fridge where nobody could see,22:54when you're putting it in the sink,22:55for sure nobody could get benefit because it's closed off by the walls of the sink,22:58that is a big problem, okay?23:01And another thing to keep in mind23:02also, the candles have to be long enough that you should have benefit23:05from something that you need to do on Shabbat.23:07Most of the time we light the candles,23:09or the ladies light the candles,23:10they say their prayer over there and they go away.23:13When is the next time that you'll have benefit from the candles?23:15Remember, you have the electricity on,23:18so you're really getting your benefit from the electricity.23:20The next time you're really having pleasure from the candles,23:22benefit from the candles,23:23is when your husband comes home.23:26When the man comes home and everybody's sitting down around the23:29table to eat the Shabbat meal, to make kiddush,23:31that's when you get the benefit.23:32You look at the candles23:32and it brings in this aroma of peace and tranquility into the house,23:37ah,23:37and then your kids wake you up from the dream.23:40Okay, anyway, so in that case,23:42then you get your benefit from the candles.23:44But otherwise, if you lit it and you put it away,23:46you're not getting any benefit.23:48There's a big problem to do such a thing.23:50It's possibly even a23:52beracha levatalah, of making a beracha on the candles.23:54So therefore, we said beforehand,23:56once you light the candles it becomes23:59muktzeh, right? But if it's—24:00Let's say you can move it, but keep in mind, if you really have to move it before Shabbat,24:03that is, of course, before Shabbat comes in, you have to keep in mind that you don't have24:07this problem of making a beracha that's not necessary on the candles if you move them.24:14We have a few phone calls. We'll take them. Hold on, please.24:20Hello? Hello?24:27Hello? Yes, I have a question.24:30Go ahead. On Sukkot, we light in the sukkah, the candles by the table, and then my husband24:38usually takes it in because it's dangerous for the sukkah and also because we don't24:47want anyone to steal the silver. If in the backyard, it's not safe. So is that not correct?24:52Okay, very good question. I'm just going to repeat it just to clarify for everybody.24:56If somebody lights—this is actually brought down by the poskim—people light their25:01candles in the sukkah and then they move it inside the house. Now, obviously, when25:04you light any candles, you're only moving them after you had your meal. Is that correct?25:10Yes. Yes. So you already had benefit from the candles. There's absolutely nothing wrong25:14with moving the candles afterwards. It's not Shabbos. If it would be25:22Shabbat—sorry, I got to go back to this already—if it would be Shabbat, it would be forbidden to move the candles because they're muktzeh. But being that it's not Shabbat,25:26it's Yom Tov, where you're allowed to move the candles because you're even allowed to25:30light the candles, it would be permitted to move the candles inside the house because25:35you already used it and had benefit from it. And let's say you're not eating the meal at25:39home, you're just lighting in the sukkah, is that— is it okay to move them, or is it better25:44to leave them? Why would you light in the sukkah if you're not eating or sleeping in the sukkah? Um, because to do everything in25:51the sukkah? But are you or are you not? You're not eating the meal there, but you have a25:57sukkah in your... So if you have a sukkah in your home and somebody's sleeping in the sukkah,26:00okay, that's fine, that's great, because you're getting benefit from the lights. But26:04if you're not eating your meal or sleeping in the sukkah, so what are you actually doing26:07in the sukkah? You just have it as a... You're just making a bracha there, I guess. Right,26:11but you're not using that room. It's like imagine you have a room in the house, you26:15have a basement, and you're not planning to use the basement at all. You closed it off26:19because it's under renovation, but you went downstairs, you lit the candles, you made26:22the bracha, and you went upstairs. Nobody's using it. Right. So that would be a problem.26:27Yeah, make sure you light in the place that you can use over Shabbat. Right. Okay, I have26:32one more question. Sure. What's the halacha with eating? Is a woman allowed to eat26:37after she lights candles? Good question. Is a woman allowed to eat after lighting candles?26:43The question is, does she accept Shabbat or she's not accept Shabbat? Don't women accept26:49Shabbat with lighting candles? Yeah, I see you're a new listener to the show, but... I'm just26:54tuned in halfway. It's okay, I'm kidding. The Shabbat candles, so it26:59depends. If you're Sefardi or Ashkenazi. Ashkenazi. Right. So if you're Ashkenazi,27:04so the minhag is that you do accept Shabbat by lighting the candles. In that case, when27:11you accept Shabbat before shkiah, you don't have the obligation of kiddush yet. The obligation of kiddush comes in afterwards. You're allowed27:15to drink. That's what Rav Chaim Ovadia brings down. You're allowed to drink beforehand.27:20To eat, I think it might be a problem. I'll have to double check, but I'm pretty sure27:25to eat could be a problem, but drinking is not an issue. Drinking is not an issue,27:30uh-huh. Because I know there are families that sit around, like officially after lighting candles,27:36they sit around, they'll have... Um, coffee, I don't know. It might not be a 100% problem.27:42I'll have to double check. It's been a while since we did Hilchos Kiddush, so I'll27:46have to go back to it. Be'ezras Hashem, next week I'll have an answer for you. Okay, thank27:49you. My pleasure. Okay, back to Halacha Tet-Vav. Halacha Tet-Vav is pretty simple. Just, I'm27:59not going to read it inside because we want to finish all the halachos today.28:01Halacha Tet-Vav speaks about exactly how to light the candles, okay? Meaning, when you're lighting28:06the candles, you have the wick that's coming out from the oil. You have to light the wick.28:13It says28:16the Ben Ish Chai, Yalkut Reuvenot Shabbat, rov hayotze min hapetilah. You have to light the majority of the wick that's coming out, okay?28:25Because otherwise, if you just light the top of it, just the top of the wick, and you let28:30the flame continue by itself to ignite, to light up the rest of the wick, it's considered28:36like it lit by itself, more like a grama. You started it off and then it lit by itself.28:39So make sure when you light, you keep your hand on the wick until you see that the majority28:45of the wick coming out of the candles, of the oil, has took hold of the flame, and then28:51you can let go. And that's exactly the way it used to be in the Beit HaMikdash, and that's28:55the way you're supposed to light also the Chanukah candles, okay? You're supposed to28:59keep your hand with the flame from your candle on the Shabbat candles until you see the majority29:05of the wick grab hold of the fire.29:10Now, the next two29:14halachos, Halacha Tet-Zayin and Halacha Yud-Zayin, I'm not going to read inside. They're very long in the Ben Ish Chai, and they speak about29:19the different oils that to use. Keep in mind, the time of the Ben Ish Chai there was29:23no electricity yet. Maybe there was, but it wasn't common. People didn't use electricity yet.29:27Today, most of the lights that we have is from electricity. So maybe29:32this halacha probably will not be applicable to the majority of the listeners, but there are times when29:37they are applicable, so therefore I'm mentioning it, okay? In short, we have to29:43understand the reason, or to understand the types of oil to use for Shabbat, we have to29:49compare them a little bit to Hanukkah. We just had Hanukkah not so long ago, and Hanukkah candles,29:52we know that we're not allowed to have any benefit from it. Like we say, after we29:58light the candles,30:00the candles, we light them just to look at them, but not to actually use the lights of30:04the Hanukkah candles. This is the exact opposite of the Shabbat candles. Like we had a few30:10questions now, and we mentioned a few times, Shabbat candles are made that you should have30:16benefit from it. If you do not have benefit from it, that's going to be a major problem.30:19Shabbat candles are lit that we should have benefit from it. So therefore, when we are30:25choosing the types of oil for Shabbat candles, we have to use a type of oil that's allowing30:31us to benefit from its flame the best way. So that's why it's brought down, the best30:37type of oil to use for Shabbat is30:41wax—excuse me, not wax—the best type of oil to use is olive oil. Of course, there's30:47levels on olive oil, there's virgin olive oil, there's extra virgin olive oil, and you'll30:51choose whatever it is. But poskim bring down shemen zayit, and of course if you have30:55shemen zayit zach, which is extra virgin olive oil, that's the best. That's A plus, okay? Doesn't31:02mean you're only restricted to olive oil. Any oil that could light, and the rule is31:07that it should light well. It shouldn't be flickering, it shouldn't jump around, the flame31:11shouldn't jump around. Why? Because we're going to see soon that you31:17need the lights to give you light, to benefit from it, to allow you to see on Shabbat, and31:23if it's going to be flickering, we're worried that you might play with the candles. So therefore,31:27all the oils that don't catch well, we don't use. Nowadays, most of us are just using31:31olive oil to light the candles, or wax candles. Both of them are fine and great. There's nothing31:36wrong with it. Preferable to use olive oil, like we mentioned beforehand. So I'm not going31:40to spend so much time on this halacha. Another point, just I'll mention, is that regarding—31:47The oils that we use, also the oil shouldn't have a bad smell. If it has a bad smell, then31:53you have another issue, and that is that if you light the candles of Shabbat with the31:57oil that gives off a bad smell, we're worried that you—32:00Might leave the room because of the bad smell.32:02So the Mishnah in Bameh Madlikin, those who read on Friday night,32:05you see a list of a lot of different oils they cannot use.32:07Most of them have the32:09number one reason why you cannot use them is because they don't catch well,32:12the flame doesn't catch well to the wick.32:14And number two is if they have a bad smell,32:16we're worried that when you light them,32:18it's going to smell up the room and you pick yourself up and go away32:21and end up not having any benefit from the oil, from the candles.32:25So therefore you have to avoid these two types of oils.32:27Like we said again, get yourself extra virgin olive oil,32:30that's the best.32:31If you don't have, then wax candles are great.32:34What about electricity?32:35Electricity, we spoke about it extensively in the past.32:38We will summarize in short32:40that electricity, there's a machloket poskim32:42if you can use electricity32:43bichlal. Rav Moshe Feinstein is oser electricity.32:45He holds that you cannot use electricity for the mitzvah of candle lighting.32:49According to Hacham Ben Zion also, you cannot use it, but for a different reason.32:52He says that when you light the32:55electricity, there's a difference between the electricity that you use in the house32:58to a battery-operated electrical appliance,33:02meaning like a flashlight.33:03When you use the main circuit in the house,33:05when you put on the electricity in the house,33:07according to33:08Hacham Ben Zion, not to go into details now,33:09but he holds that you're not considered lighting the candles directly.33:14It's more like a33:15grama, like a more like a domino effect.33:16You're causing one thing and another thing to,33:19you know, you're giving a signal to another signal to another signal,33:21and then afterwards your light is being lit33:24and you're not actively putting it on.33:26Hacham Ovadia, and also other33:29poskim, not only Hacham Ovadia, the other Ashkenazi poskim as well,33:31hold that you could use the electricity for Shabbat candles33:36because you need to have light in the room.33:38As long as you have light in the room,33:39it doesn't make a difference if you actively lit it33:41or if it came through a signal.33:43So a flashlight, according to both Hacham Ovadia and33:48Hacham Ben Zion, would be fine.33:49According to Hacham Ovadia and33:50Hacham Ben Zion, you can make a beracha on— Shabbat, you can make bracha of Shabbat candles on a flashlight33:58because it's battery operated.34:00But this is only when it's34:03b'sha'at hadchak, means, say it's very, very necessary.34:05You can't use regular flame candles for Shabbat candles.34:09Let's say you're away in a hotel, in a hospital,34:11then you're stuck. You're not allowed to use a flame,34:14or like we said, you're going away to somebody else's house34:16and they're makpid, they don't want you to light in your room34:19with a flame candle,34:21then you'll rely on the electricity by a flashlight.34:27Otherwise, if a person has the ability,34:29he should buy himself olive oil, extra virgin olive oil.34:33That's the best, preferable,34:34and if you don't have that,34:35then you can have wax candles,34:38okay? Next halacha, halacha yud-zayin, talks about34:42even the regular oil sometimes,34:44let's say olive oil,34:46sometimes will not be ראוי to light.34:48When is that so?34:49I'm not going to read it inside also.34:51The Ben Ish Chai says very quickly, he says34:54that when the olive oil becomes ma'us, becomes disgusting,34:58that you wouldn't present it to somebody to eat it,35:01then you shouldn't even use it for lighting it.35:04When is that35:05so? Once upon a time,35:06they used to have their oils in big bulk, in big barrels,35:10because they used to use oil all the time35:12for lighting throughout the whole day.35:13So therefore, the halacha says35:15if you'd find a35:17rat—I know it sounds disgusting35:19today—if you find a hair in the oil35:21or something, we'll just throw it out.35:23You know, we're a little bit more on a different level today.35:26Anyway, in their days,35:27if you find a rat in the oil,35:29and even though that oil,35:31according to35:32halacha, sometimes it's mutar to eat it,35:33but you wouldn't present it in front of somebody35:36who's chashuv, so therefore don't use it for the sake of the mitzvah of candle lighting.35:39You can use it for candles on Shabbat,35:41but you cannot use it to make the bracha on it.35:43So nowadays also,35:44we'll tell you the same thing.35:45If something becomes disgusting,35:46or even if it has35:48ruach ra'ah, the Ben Ish Chai brings in Torah35:49lishma, if it's under the bed,35:50you35:51slept—let's say your olive oil bottle was under your bed35:54and you slept,35:54and according to the35:56mekubalim there's a ruach ra'ah that comes on it,35:57so in that case also35:58don't use that. Bottle for the sake of a36:03berachah. In other words, I don't think there's much to know;36:07at least that's applicable in our days.36:09Bitter olive oil,36:10even though it might not be edible,36:12but since there's nothing wrong with it,36:13you could use it for the sake of candle lighting.36:16We have a phone call.36:16Let me take the question,36:17and then we'll come back36:18to finish off the last few halachot of Parashat36:26Noach. Hello? Yeah, hi. I have one more question.36:28Is it true that you cannot use olive oil and water together,36:32like with candles?36:35So regarding the olive oil and the water,36:37the issue,36:38it's not 100% true.36:41No, you could use it.36:42If your intention of using the water36:44is not to shut off the flame earlier,36:46but in order to keep the flame higher,36:49that's fine.36:50When your intention is36:51that you're putting the water inside the olive oil36:54in order to shut off the flame,36:56because one gets down,36:57that it should shut off earlier,36:58then it might be an issue.37:00Those halachot we'll talk about,37:02I37:03believe—you know, we haven't mentioned them at all.37:04I don't know when they're going to come37:05up. I was planning maybe to talk about it in the future37:07in different parashiyot,37:08but maybe next week I'll mention it.37:10Okay, thanks.37:12You're welcome.37:14Hello?37:16Hi, how are you?37:17This37:19Ray is Robert. Yes.37:20Let's talk about the37:22tithing, how the37:23ratio... Sorry, we're in the middle of a show.37:24Sorry, you have to call later,37:28okay? Okay. Back to the37:30halachot. Let's finish off the37:32halachot. And now,37:33before we—we have 15 minutes before the end of the class,37:36just know,37:38be'ezrat Hashem, next week we're going to have a special class.37:39This week we're going to finish37:40with the halachot of candle lighting,37:42but next week we will be talking37:44about—because next week will be37:46Yud Daled Shevat, which means Wednesday night next week37:48will be Tu37:49Bishvat. Tu Bishvat is known as the Hag37:52HaIlanot, the holiday of the trees,37:53as the Gemara and the Mishnah,37:55Masechet Rosh Hashanah, mentions.37:57It's Rosh Hashanah37:59la'ilan. It's Rosh Hashanah for the trees,38:01and therefore many people have different customs38:03of making berachot on different types of fruits.38:05So therefore we will dedicate next week's class.38:08To the laws of38:10berachot, specifically the laws of fruits38:12and kedima38:13berachot. Let's say you have different types of38:15fruits and different things in front of you,38:17and then you will, you need to know38:20which one to make a bracha on first.38:22So that will be next week's class.38:23It's a special class on38:25Hilchot Berachot. And the following week after that,38:27the week after Tu B'Shvat,38:29we'll come back and resume the halachot of Shabbat,38:31and we will talk about already38:33the halachot of Kabbalat Shabbat38:35and preparation for Shabbat,38:37which is found in Parashat38:39Lech Lecha. We're up to the last few38:43halachot, okay?38:44The38:46halachot, the halacha Yud Tet,38:48Chaf, and Chaf Aleph,38:49we'll be summarizing it all in one shot.38:53Ben Ish Chai over38:56here—actually, I think we skipped halacha Yud38:58Chet. Okay, yeah,38:59halacha Yud39:00Chet. Halacha Yud39:02Chet, Ben Ish Chai brings the halacha that's39:06found—the Gemara already talks about it.39:08The Chachamim said that as follows.39:10The Chachamim said39:12that when you have a candle that's lit,39:14and of course we know39:15that you're lighting the Shabbat candles39:16and all that, you should have light from it, right?39:18You should have benefit from the light.39:20Still, Chachamim were scared that39:22perhaps if you're using the Shabbat candles,39:24you might play with the candle39:26when it's not lighting so well39:28and tilt the39:30candle—I mean, the candle, I mean to say the cup of39:32oil—to allow it to absorb, to catch better.39:35I'll give you an example.39:36You know those candles,39:38the oil candles,39:40the cups, you have like the wick39:42that stands right in the center of the cup.39:44It doesn't move.39:45It's not like,39:46I think they call it a floating wick.39:47There's a floating wick39:48that just moves around with the oil,39:50and then there's a wick39:51that stands right in the center.39:52So let's say you have a39:53wick that's right in the center of the cup.39:54And now you have a little bit of oil39:56on the bottom of the cup,39:58and it's not reaching the oil.40:00It's not, excuse me, it's not reaching the wick, and as a result, the flame is dying.40:05So therefore, if a person tilts the cup just a little bit to allow the oil to come next to the wick,40:09the wick will drink up the oil and it'll make the flame better.40:14To do that on Shabbat is an issur40:17d'oraita. That's an issur of40:19mav'ir. That's a very severe issur. You're mechalel Shabbat by doing that.40:22So therefore, the chachamim made a gezeirah, made a rabbinical decree,40:25to in order that a person should avoid coming to the point of making such an issur.40:30And they said anything that requires you to look very well into40:35it, let's say reading or examining two very identical things that you need a good light for,40:41you're not allowed to do it to the lights of Shabbat.40:44We're scared that the light might not be so strong, and you might tilt the cup a little bit,40:49which will cause you to transgress an issur d'oraita, an issur from the Torah.40:56And therefore the chachamim said it's assur to read to the flames, to the light of the candles,41:01and it's assur also to look at two, you know, if you need something to be41:07me'ayein, meaning to say you have to look very closely at, you cannot use the Shabbat candles for that.41:11Once upon a time this was a huge problem,41:14because that's the only light that you had in the house.41:16You only had it from flame. So how could you read?41:19So we'll talk about the heterim in a second, but before that,41:21I'll tell you a story in the Gemara. The Gemara says that41:24Rabbi Yishmael, when he heard this halacha from the chachamim, from his contemporaries, from the other rabbis,41:28he said, You know, that's talk about a regular guy.41:31Me? I'm a rabbi. I'm a talmid chacham. I'm going to read to the light of the flame,41:35and I won't tilt the candle.41:37In the Gemara says, Rabbi Yishmael didn't listen. He didn't listen to the decree.41:40He sat down and he started reading. He started reading to the lights of the Shabbat candles.41:44And what happened is, he didn't realize he saw the flame was flickering a little bit,41:50and he tilted the cup without realizing it was Shabbat.41:52He completely forgot himself that it was Shabbat.41:54And when he did it, he realized, Oh my gosh, I just did an issur min41:57haTorah. Of course, b'shogeg, it was by mistake, but still I did an issur min haTorah of42:02mav'ir, of putting on the candle, of making the flame stronger.42:05So he wrote down in his book,42:07... when the Beit HaMikdash is built,42:08I'll bring a chatat shemina, I'll bring a korban chatat, a fatty42:12korban chatat. And he says,42:14Look how great the words of42:16the chachamim. I said about myself, I'm not going to tilt it,42:18and look what I did.42:19Ended up tilting the cup.42:20They know what they're talking about.42:22Even to the great Rabbi Rabbi Yishmael, he stumbled because he wasn't careful with the42:27halachah of the chachamim. Okay,42:28so now in this case, let's go back.42:32Nowadays, we don't have such an issue so much.42:34Why? Because we have, that's right, we have electricity.42:37So because we have electricity, we're not really using the flames of the candle at all.42:41You know when it comes up?42:42I'll tell you when it comes up.42:43It comes up when a person has a, let's say, you know, some people have timers on their electricity,42:50so the lights shut off at a certain time.42:51Let's say 12 o'clock at night, the lights shut off.42:53And now a person's trying to go to sleep, he can't fall asleep.42:56You know, he fell asleep in the middle of the meal, or by the rabbi's43:01drashah in the shul. So now he's all up and he wants to read.43:05There's no light in the bedroom,43:06and all the lights in the living room are shut off.43:08He comes to the living room, he takes out a book, but he sees that the Shabbat candles are on.43:11In that case, it will be a problem to read next to the lights of the candle.43:16Okay, why?43:16Because the same gezeirah that we said over here.43:19Even if the Shabbat candles are so high above that he's not even going to reach it.43:24The Gemara says even if it's ten stories high, the flames, it's still43:29asur. Lemashal, you have your candles on top of the bookcase, okay?43:33And where you're reading on the table is so far away from the bookcase,43:37but you get some flame from, you get some light from those candles.43:40They're very strong.43:41Doesn't make a difference.43:42To read to the flames of the candles, that's forbidden on Shabbat.43:47There are43:48heterim. There are times when it is mutar.43:50For example, there are four times where we find a43:55heter. Number one is if you place a shomer.43:58If you're reading to the flames of the candle and you put somebody to be on guard,44:02to watch you, to make sure that you don't accidentally forget.44:04Now, even though nowadays we never play with a cup44:07and we're never going to fix the wick or the candle or the cup,44:10it doesn't make a difference.44:11The gezeirot of the Chachamim, the decrees of the Chachamim, were made,44:14and since they were not mutbatel by the Chachamim themselves,44:18we do not have the power or the authority to remove these decrees,44:21and the decree still applies.44:23So if you have a shomer, if you have somebody on guard,44:25somebody guarding you to make sure44:28that when you read that you don't play with the candles, that's mutar.44:31In fact, the rabbi of Chacham Azati—excuse me—the rabbi of Chacham Ben44:38Tzion Abba Shaul and Chacham Ovadia Yosef, zichronam livracha, was44:41Chacham Azati, and when he was a little boy, he was orphaned from his father,44:44and his mother would stay up with him Friday nights44:46because she knew her boy had tremendous potential,44:49and she would stay with him by the candles to be his shomer.44:52Even though she was exhausted, she used to work.44:54You know, she was the one who provided the whole family with food,44:58and she worked very hard during the week.45:00But on Friday night, when she had the chance to sleep,45:02she would stay up with her son that he should be able to learn Torah45:04by the flames of the candles,45:07so he should become the Talmid Chacham, which he did become.45:09He later on became the Rosh Yeshiva of Porat Yosef,45:11and he became the rabbi of all the45:14Gedolei haSefaradim. We all know of Chacham Ben45:16Tzion Abba Shaul, Chacham Ovadia Yosef, Chacham Yosef45:18Ferrai, Rav Ful. All these were students of45:21Chacham Azati, and his mother was careful to become that shomer,45:24and this is just a way to remember this45:26halacha. Another heter we find45:29is that if you have two people sharing the same book,45:31if two people are reading from the same book,45:33they're both reading Parashat Noach in the45:35parashah, or Parashat Beshalach, let's say,45:37they're reading the same Chumash, that's fine.45:39Some are matir if you have two people reading the same subject45:42even though they're using two different books.45:44Lemashal, two people are reading Parashat Beshalach. From different books,45:49but since they're reading the same subject,45:50they remind each other45:52if they see the other person going to play with the45:55candles. And the fourth heter is45:58when you have something that you're so familiar with46:01that you don't really need so much light.46:02You just need a glance just to remind you.46:05Lemashal, birchat hamazon.46:06Most people know birchat hamazon by heart.46:08If they need to look inside,46:09it's just to remind them of a certain part that they're up to.46:11So in that case,46:12since you could technically almost say by heart,46:14you're so familiar with it.46:15Let's say also Shir HaShirim46:17or sometimes the korbanot,46:18or things that basically people are very familiar with,46:21you do not need to worry about reading it from the46:26candlelight because you know it already46:27and you're just glancing at it.46:29Remember, the issur is only applicable where a person is looking very deep.46:36Lemashal, reading something new,46:37you do not know what it says,46:39so therefore you need the light of the flames.46:42That's when the chachamim made a46:44gezeirah. But otherwise, regular glancing at things,46:47you don't have to worry about this46:50gezeirah because it doesn't apply in those cases,46:51like we said by the case of birchat hamazon.46:57Okay, one last quick halacha,47:00and that is regarding electricity.47:04I have to point it out.47:05It might be simple;47:06I said it already,47:07but I'll point it out again.47:09Electricity. In our days that we have electricity,47:13there's no issur to read to the light of electricity.47:15Why? Because the reasons don't apply.47:17The problem with the flame candle47:20was that the light, the flame becomes weaker and47:23weaker as the oil becomes less and less.47:26And therefore, a person might tilt the47:31cup and make the oil go more to the wick47:33to bring a stronger flame.47:34You don't have that with electricity.47:36With electricity, the lights are very strong the whole time.47:39Number two is47:40that you're worried that maybe a person will tilt the47:42cup to make the light even stronger,47:43needs more light47:44because it looks like it's about to shut off.47:46Also doesn't apply with electricity.47:47Once you put on the light, that's it.47:49That's the whole light.47:50However, what about a dimmer?47:52That means you have electricity lights,47:56but you can make them different levels.47:58You know, sometimes they have clap on.48:00If you, or if you touch it, you touch it once, you get a certain amount of volts, you know, and then48:05you touch it a second time, it becomes stronger. The third time it becomes much stronger, and48:08the fourth time it turns off.48:11All right? Or you have the dimmer, it goes higher and lower. It makes the light stronger and48:15lighter.48:15Could you read Torah, or could you read anything to the lights of a dimmer or not?48:22Hacham Ben Zion wants to be48:24oser. He says that's asur because it's the same thing. You might increase the light. You might48:28see that it's enough light for me to eat, but it's not enough light for me to see,48:32and you might make it stronger.48:33That's what Hacham Ben Zion says. Hacham Ovadia disagrees, and he says that there was48:39no gezeirah on electricity because electricity doesn't become weaker. It will always, even48:43though it might not be as strong as you want it, but it will not become weaker.48:47So there is no gezeirah over here, and we cannot come and make our own gezeirot, and therefore48:50Hacham Ovadia is matir even the dimmer in electricity because it's electric, and there's no problem48:56to read to that light at all, according to Hacham Ovadia Yosef.49:01And with this, we finished the halachot of candle lighting.49:04I believe next week, like we said, we're going to have a special class on the halachot of49:13berachot. It's a very interesting class. We hope you'll listen. It's very applicable because49:17we make berachot all the time. And if there's any question that we did not answer yet, please49:22text in your question right now. I see a few texts. I will, be'ezrat Hashem, answer them49:27through the text. If you have any phone calls, call in now. We have a few minutes49:30left of the show. Otherwise, we'll go to the music, and we'll see, be'ezrat Hashem, next week.49:34Until then, have a wonderful week and Shabbat shalom.