Torah · Halacha YomitLaws of Mukseh: Disposables and ProzbulRabbi Uri Nahum · September 5, 2022 · Laws of Mukseh-15Play+30Position0:00—Save⌄ShareA Shabbat halacha class with Rabbi Uri Nahum.Recorded by BSD Productions.Transcript0:01Welcome to the Halacha Hour here on JRoot Radio. This is the Halacha Live on JRoot Radio.0:10Today's date is Dalet Elul, Tav Shin Ayin Hei. We are excited. We are here in the month of Elul,0:18the month of Teshuvah, and, b'ezrat Hashem, we are looking forward to a new year,0:25as we say in our tefillot, Tachel shanah u'virchoteha. We should have a new year, a new wonderful year with all its blessings,0:36Tachel shanah u'virchoteha, and a year with all the bad things it should finish. And we have been given this opportunity0:42from Shamayim, this month of Elul, the month of Rachamim, the days when Moshe Rabbeinu went up to Shamayim and prayed0:47on behalf of all the Jewish people. And although we usually do the halachot of the holidays,0:54b'ezrat Hashem, that will be next week, this week will be semi. What we're going to start doing is the halacha,1:02or finish up really, I want to clarify the halacha from last week. I know last week my halacha class was not so clear1:10because there are a number of reasons why it wasn't so clear. I think one of the main reasons is because I was reading inside,1:16and although that's part of the class, that we do read inside the Ben Ish Chai, and we will continue to read from Ben1:22Ish Chai. However, when it's halachot, and the halachot are very complicated and there's a lot of information,1:29we have to properly give an introduction, or not just an introduction, but maybe speak out the halachot outside.1:36So, a little bit out of order, we will, b'ezrat Hashem, speak out the halachot that we mentioned last week1:43because they're really, really very important halachot, the ramifications of these halachot also,1:47the applications of these halachot, and we will also... Be discussing in the end, towards the second half1:56or the end of the class, we will be talking about some important halachot,2:01and those are halachot that are relevant to this year coming up, the halachot of prozbul.2:08Prozbul, we will explain what that is, but it's something shayach that we all need to know about,2:12and we need to inform other people about, especially if you're in the business of money, as we all are,2:19but not just, you know, making money, but lending out money. We will see2:24בעזרת השם. Okay, and now to begin. We already know the introduction. I'm running out of time. I would normally say it,2:30but I guess I have to say it anyway. 718-683-5858 is to call into the station, call in after 32:36o'clock. Text in at 347-927-8398. And, Baruch Hashem, we get our weekly texts from a number of listeners,2:43you should know. I appreciate it very much, and I thank you, everybody, for the chizuk.2:50It really is mechazek. It really, you know, at least I know somebody is listening besides myself.2:55Okay, so the numbers also to listen to the radio, it's 718-506-9099 or3:07712-432-4217, jewishradio.com. There you can only listen. We don't have live streaming, meaning to say you can't watch this class live,3:15and the reason for that is, like we said, tikleh shanah v'kileloteha. We're working on fixing up some technical areas over here,3:23בעזרת השם, next year—I mean, not next year, next week. Possibly also next year,3:28but we will have hopefully live streaming. Let's jump into the halachot.3:32We are in the halachot of mukseh, and specifically the category of mukseh known as mukseh machmat gufo,3:41something which becomes mukseh because the item itself does not have the status of a keli.3:47This is a very important rule when it comes to this category of3:52mukseh. Mukseh machmat gufo is something that doesn't have the status of a keli.3:56What is a keli? Simply defined, simply translated, keli is a utensil.4:02But in halacha, in terms of halacha, keli is anything that has a function.4:07It doesn't have to be what may be your standard of a utensil is, but it has to be something that has some sort of a function.4:15I'll give you an example. This is a little bit off topic, I know, but just to understand the example.4:22Tefillin. You wouldn't normally think of tefillin as a keli, but it is a keli.4:26Now, what kind of keli is4:29it? That's already a machloket Rama and versus4:32the Magen Avraham and the Taz, but that's not the point. I want to show you that tefillin, which most of us would think4:37it's judaica, I don't know if you call it a utensil, but it is a keli.4:41It has a function. You put it on, so that is the status of a keli4:45according to halacha. It must have some sort of usage or function,4:49okay? Mukseh machmat gufo is the form of category of mukseh where it has complete no function.4:55Examples are stones, rocks, scrap metal, wood,5:02all these things that on their own naturally, and that means in their normal state,5:06unless there's like some sort of exception, they wouldn't have any function.5:11That's mukseh machmat gufo.5:13The halachot of shibrei kelim, which we began to discuss last week.5:18Speak about items that once upon a time, that once upon a time could be any time, that is,5:26they came, they were a keli, they were some sort of utensil, they had some sort of function,5:32and all of a sudden the function disappeared.5:35Why? Shibrei kelim, they broke.5:38So we want to learn some5:40halacha. Now, I'm not going to read it inside the Ben Ish Chai because the Ben Ish Chai, as an Aharon, should be,5:45he brought the halacha and he elaborated on the5:48halacha, and that's really what I believe confused a lot of people5:51because we read the halacha in Hebrew, translated, explained, brought examples,5:55and we jump right back into the halacha, so it was a little confusing.5:58I will read, though, from the Shulchan Aruch.6:00It's very, very important. When you learn halacha, you must know the source,6:03you must know where it came from, you must know how to explain it,6:07because the worst thing you want to find yourself in is6:09you get into a discussion on a Shabbat table between you and a friend or a cousin6:13or somebody's on the table, and you say,6:15My rabbi says that this is mutar, and he says,6:18My rabbi says that your rabbi's am haaretz, it's asur, right?6:21And then nobody knows what they're talking about.6:24It could be both your rabbis didn't say what you said,6:26and both your rabbis probably agree to each other; you just misunderstood6:29them. You need to know the source, you need to understand the6:34halacha, and, you know, don't jump to apply it in areas you didn't learn.6:37But when you understand why something is mutar or6:42asur, why something is permitted or forbidden,6:44you will be able to navigate around the halachot much easier.6:50You'll be able to know how to apply it when the halacha does apply, when it doesn't apply,6:54and that's very, very important in general as a rule of learning6:57halacha. So therefore, we will read from the Shulchan Aruch inside,7:00which everybody must abide to. The7:03Shulchan Aruch says in Halacha Vav.7:06I will read just the parts that are relevant to us.7:09We're going to learn this halacha. It's very short.7:13And then I will elaborate all the different possibilities of this7:17halacha. Basically, the halacha talks about kelim, utensils,7:22items that went into Shabbat as utensils,7:25as having a function, and then they broke on Shabbat.7:29Listen to the words of the Shulchan Aruch.7:30כל הכלים שנשברו, אפילו בשבת,7:34מותר לטלטל שבריהם,7:36ובלבד שיהיו ראויים לשום מלאכה.7:39All utensils that broke, even if they broke on Shabbat,7:44the items, the broken pieces, are not mukseh on a condition.7:50What's a condition?7:50The condition is that the piece itself does have some sort of function.7:57It could be used for something. Here, this—8:00Analogy gives an example, kegon:8:04shibre areiva lechasot bah hea chabit, veshibrei zechuchit lechasot ba8:07pi hapach. If you have this big mixing pot, let's say it broke on Shabbat,8:12the kids were playing and it fell and it broke.8:14Now there's many pieces around.8:16If that piece itself could be used as a cover for covering your bottle,8:23it can be used. You know, you lost your Poland Spring8:27one-gallon bottle, so you lost the cap over there.8:28So you want to use it now to replace the cap,8:31you could do that.8:34Aval im einam reuyim lshum melacha, lo. But if it's not fit for any sort of8:38melacha, you can't come up with something to use it for,8:41then the broken pieces become8:44muktzeh. What kind of8:45muktzeh? Muktzeh machmat gufo,8:46which means like a stone.8:47What's the din with a stone on Shabbat?8:48It's muktzeh machmat gufo.8:49What do we do with it?8:50Nothing. It's8:52muktzeh. You may kick it to the side.8:54You know, now you have to go figure out how to move muktzeh when you need to,8:57but it's8:59muktzeh. You can't move it.9:00It's muktzeh machmat gufo.9:02Okay, review outside.9:05Any broken, any utensil that breaks on Shabbat,9:08the pieces will not become muktzeh if you have some sort of use for them.9:14Okay,9:14now we're going to go through the possibilities9:17and all the different things that happen.9:19Basically, two categories over here.9:22There is a keli,9:25there's an item,9:26a utensil that broke before Shabbat,9:30and then there's an item that could break on Shabbat,9:33as Maran says,9:34afilu b'Shabbat,9:34which means it either broke before Shabbat or on Shabbat.9:38This is the halacha, rabotai, based on the Shulchan Aruch9:41and the Acharonim that explain the Shulchan Aruch.9:45We will learn. We'll learn a few halachot today9:48and then see how perhaps the halacha might be different in our days.9:54We'll see.9:54Just right now, keep in mind what it says in the Shulchan Aruch and the9:59mefarshim. If something breaks on—excuse me—if something breaks before Shabbat,10:04whether it broke on Friday or any of the time during the week,10:08so basically there are two possibilities.10:09What will you do now with these broken pieces?10:13Either, either you'll dispose of them, you throw them away,10:15or you'll keep the pieces around.10:19So the halacha tells us10:21if you threw the pieces away from before Shabbat,10:25then the pieces are10:28muktzeh. But if the pieces themselves were not thrown out,10:32you kept them10:33around—by the way, we're talking about because you had the option to throw it out,10:37okay? That means it's not like it happened five minutes before Shabbat10:39and you're too busy trying to park your car outside10:42or move the car out10:44of the driveway because your children and grandchildren are coming in10:46and you didn't have time to pick it up till Shabbat happened.10:48We're talking about that it broke before Shabbat,10:50you had the time to move the10:52pieces, and you decided, I'm not going to throw out the pieces.10:55Then those pieces, obviously, you have a use for them.11:00So therefore, those pieces are not11:02muktzeh if you have one of the following conditions:11:05either the piece itself has some sort of a function,11:08or you designated it for some sort of function.11:10Let me give you an example.11:12Let's say you have a chair,11:14a regular metal chair that has, you know, the padding on by the back11:18and the padding where you sit on it.11:20So let's say the chair broke before Shabbat,11:24Friday afternoon at 12 o'clock, it broke.11:26So now you have a few options, two options what to do with the chair.11:29Either take all the pieces and you throw it out in the garbage.11:33Or, you don't throw it out in the garbage.11:36You take some of the pieces and you keep it for yourself.11:37For example, you took the padding on the11:40chair and you said, you know, this will be good,11:42chas v'shalom if we should have another Tisha11:45B'Av, we will use the padding to sit on the floor.11:47Or, you know, this is good when we go out to picnic11:49and I don't want to sit on the grass with, you know,11:53that little towel, that little tablecloth that I put on the floor.11:57It's not doing such a good job, you know, it's a little hurting.12:00The padding is much better.12:02So in that case, since you used the piece,12:05you designated, you now want to use the piece12:07to sit on it for Tisha12:10B'Av, even though it came from a broken utensil,12:12since it has a function, it's not12:15muktzeh. Now, if you took the padding and you threw it out before Shabbat,12:18even though technically it could have been used to sit on it,12:23it doesn't make a difference.12:24Since you disposed of it, you threw it out before Shabbat,12:28it becomes12:30muktzeh. Another example, I'll give you another example,12:32what we mentioned last week.12:33You have a shelf on a bookcase.12:35The shelf broke right before Shabbat.12:37What could you use a broken shelf for?12:39The answer is, you could use it as a paperweight.12:42You could put things, depends how big your shelf is,12:44but I don't know, let's say you could.12:46So let's say the shelf completely shattered.12:48You know, I'm not talking about just broken into two pieces,12:50broken into four, five different pieces.12:52Now, again, you have two options.12:54You could either throw it out before Shabbat,12:56or you could keep some of the12:57pieces because you want to use them for something later on.13:00So the halacha will be dependent on what you did13:03with these broken pieces before Shabbat.13:05If you threw it out before Shabbat,13:08then it's muktzeh, regardless if you could use it for something or not.13:11However, if you decide not to throw it out by choice13:14and you wanted to keep it for something,13:16you wanted to keep it maybe perhaps13:18to hold up your table that's a little bit sturdy,13:20it's not standing so well,13:23so then that piece of wood now13:27acquires a name in halacha called a keli.13:30It's now a utensil.13:31It's now used as a13:33doorstopper. It's now used as a paperweight.13:35You've given it a new life.13:37You've given it a function. You've given it a keli.13:39And therefore, it entered Shabbat as a keli,13:41it's not13:43muktzeh. That's if the item breaks before Shabbat.13:47It will, the13:48muktzeh, its status of muktzeh will depend on13:51if you threw it out or not.13:53However, let's say the item breaks on Shabbat.13:56So here, the halachot of muktzeh are a little bit more lax,13:59a little bit more lenient,14:02because it entered Shabbat as a keli.14:05So therefore, in this case over here,14:07we'll be a little bit more lenient.14:09Let's first give you the two possibilities.14:11There are two possibilities when an item breaks on Shabbat.14:13There's two ways that it could break.14:15Either the whole utensil completely breaks,14:18like the case that we just gave before,14:20the whole chair just broke.14:21You can't use it as a chair anymore.14:23It'll be like a padding or something else.14:25It can't be used as a chair.14:26Or the shelf, it completely broke14:28that you can't use it as a shelf anymore.14:31That's one option.14:32The other way is that you have a utensil,14:38that part of the utensil breaks14:41while the rest of it is still around14:44and functioning like it used to.14:46You want an example?14:47For example,14:51the case where a person has a dining room chair14:55with the armrest.14:56You know, the two armrests14:57where you put your arms on, on the sides.14:59So let's say the armrest broke on Shabbat.15:02When the armrest breaks on Shabbat,15:04the chair still functions as a chair, right?15:06And the armrest just broke off of the chair.15:09Another example,15:10you have a mug with a handle on the side,15:14and on Shabbat the handle of the mug broke.15:16The mug is still usable,15:18and it's usable for its old function,15:20to drink from it.15:20But the handle now broke off.15:23Okay?15:23Those are the two options.15:24We'll discuss the details of the15:26halacha on those two options.15:27Let's begin with the first case,15:29where the whole item completely breaks.15:30The examples that we gave before,15:32where the chair completely broke,15:34it cannot be used as a chair anymore,15:36or the shelf broke off the bookcase,15:38it can't be used as a shelf anymore.15:40You cannot use it anymore.15:43So now,15:44you have two possibilities15:46that you could do with this broken piece,15:48right?15:49And that's what will make it muktzeh or not.15:52How? What's the two possibilities?15:54The two possibilities are15:56if the broken pieces...16:00Have some sort of function. If you could figure out some sort of function for the broken pieces,16:04the pieces themselves will not become muktzeh, even if you throw it out. That's a16:13chiddush. Even if you put it in the garbage, it will not become muktzeh. Why? Because it has a status of16:20a keli. If, let's say, for example, you decide to take your chair and put it outside in the garbage,16:26assuming it's in a bad condition so people won't take it. But let's say it's a pretty good chair16:32and people are not gonna, you know, everybody's Jewish outside, but you put it out in the garbage to be collected on Monday.16:37Now, you decide later, I know, I want to take my chair, I want to bring it back in, I want to sit on it.16:41I have an extra guest, I didn't think he was gonna come. So would that chair turn into16:45muktzeh? And the answer is no. It's a chair. Oh, but you got rid of it. You got rid of it, meaning on Shabbat,16:50and the answer is, who cares? It's still functional as a chair. So over here, we're a little bit more lenient,16:55according to the Shulchan Aruch, the halacha, that if something came into Shabbat as a17:00keli, as a utensil, and now it broke, even though I threw it out on Shabbat, but it could still17:08retain the status of a keli and not become muktzeh if you have some sort of use for17:15it, some sort of function. It has to be used for something. So let's give the examples that we17:20gave before. A chair breaks on Shabbat. There's a padding. What could you do with the padding?17:25The answer is the padding, I could use it. I could use it for many things. I could use it to sit on it. I could use it17:30for ... I could use it to pretend it's ... I could use it for the park.17:34It's a padding. It could be used. And what about the metal pieces of the chair? So it depends.17:39Some pieces maybe I could use as a paperweight. Maybe I could use them as a doorstopper.17:44And maybe I could use it as a stick. Maybe as a bar for my sukkah. I don't know. It could be used.17:47If there's some sort of use for it, then the piece is not muktzeh, even if I throw it in the garbage.17:52However, if the piece itself— If the piece itself has no function whatsoever, then it's18:02muktzeh. Let's give you two examples. Right now it's towards the end of camp, everybody's coming home,18:06and the kids are coming with their arts and crafts. One of the things that boys do in the arts and18:11crafts is they make wood crafts, right? They come in with wood. So when my son came with a18:17wooden napkin holder, basically they took three pieces of wood, taped it together, and their18:22counselor, you know, put in the nail, they colored it, and beautiful, you have a napkin holder,18:26a wooden napkin holder. Let's say that breaks apart, the glue comes apart, and now you have18:30just three pieces of wood. And they're not so heavy that you can't use them as a paperweight.18:34They're almost as light as paper. So then what could I use it for? I can't use it as a18:39doorstop because also they're very thin, my door is higher than that. So since I have no use for this18:44wooden tissue holder or napkin holder, so now the pieces are muktzeh. Ah, but it came into Shabbat18:51as a keli, as a utensil. Yeah, but now on Shabbat that it broke, and I have no use for any of the18:58broken pieces. All the broken pieces are muktzeh even before throwing it in the garbage. Another19:03example: you bought yourself some sunglasses, you know, off the street, four or five dollars.19:08They're very cheap, you know, those cheap sunglasses. And sunglasses, you know,19:13you don't need it so much. You need it when the sun, okay. What happened? Your kids want to look cool, they take your19:17sunglasses and they put it on, and the other kid says, Get out of here, it's mine, it's yours, mine,19:20blah, blah, blah. Guess what happened? The sunglasses now broke. It turns into now four different pieces.19:27What could you do with this now? There's nothing to do with the sunglasses. You can't use the arms19:32of the glasses or the lens of the sunglasses. You can't. There's nothing. There's no function for it.19:36Maybe you want to tell me the lens. I could technically, you know, use it to look out the19:43window and open one eye and protect myself. Maybe. But in general, usually the pieces have no use. So in that case,19:49since the pieces have no function, even if it broke on Shabbat, it will become muktzeh even before19:55I throw it in the garbage. So what can I do with it? I can't pick it up. It's muktzeh. So you move20:00it with a broom, or whatever it is. You have to move it in a way to avoid handling muktzeh. It is20:06now muktzeh machmat gufo. Let's review again. Something that came into Shabbat as a20:11keli and it broke on Shabbat. If it broke... Pretty tangent. If a broke and the pieces,20:19a broken Shabbat, and the pieces have some sort of use for it, then the pieces do not become20:24muktzeh. However, if the pieces have no function whatsoever, then it is20:31muktzeh. V'kana muktzeh? Muktzeh machmat gufo. Okay, that is category number one, when something breaks on Shabbat.20:36There's another possibility of something to break on Shabbat, where we give an example.20:40For example, I have a chair and a piece of the chair breaks off, or I have a mug and the20:47handle of the mug breaks off. So what is the deal? What is the halacha with this mug—or excuse20:55me, not the mug, the mug works—but the armrest? What do we do with the armrest? The handle of21:01the mug, what's the din? The answer is, in that case, the piece itself could either have a21:07function or not a function. It could either be used as a paperweight, let's say, or it21:12cannot be used for anything. In either case, it's always going to be muktzeh. Why? Because if it has a use21:20which is not the use that it used to have beforehand, so now this—since the keli is21:25still around, so now it's what we call in halacha nolad. Now a new keli was born, was created on21:33Shabbat, and therefore this will be muktzeh because of din of nolad, a very complicated21:40set of halachot, nolad. I don't want to get into it, but that's the bottom line. A piece that comes21:46off a utensil, if the utensil still functions as its old function—the chair, the dining room chair is21:53still a chair, the mug is still a cup, you can still drink from it—the piece that21:59came off is... Gonna be muktze unless the piece that came off could still do part of its function22:07from beforehand. Perfect; if it cannot, it cannot. It's over. It doesn't work anymore. It's gonna be22:13muktze. Now that we discussed the broken kelim, broken utensils that break on Shabbat, either22:20before Shabbat or on Shabbat, now a small side point that we do have to mention. We spoke22:25about it at length last week. You check it out one more over there. And that is, if something that22:31breaks and has no function, we said it's already muktze, whether it breaks before Shabbat or on22:35Shabbat. If there's no function for it, it's muktze; it cannot be handled. There is an exception to22:40this rule. If the broken piece is hazardous, it's dangerous, it could hurt someone, then the piece22:48itself is not muktze, even though there's no use for it whatsoever. Since it could be dangerous22:52for someone, for kids, for you, you might step on it, you could pick it up. Give an example. Let's22:58say you have a mirror, and the mirror fell on Shabbat and it broke. Don't worry about good23:02luck and not good luck; it's shtuyot, we don't go with that. Anyway, the mirror broke on Shabbat.23:08What's the din now? And the answer is, the pieces of the mirror are sharp. That's broken glass.23:13That's what a mirror is; it's broken glass. So therefore, they could hurt someone. You could23:17pick it up and throw it in the garbage, even though there's no function for it. Happens to23:20be by a mirror, there is a function for it. Why? Because a mirror, you can still use it to look at it.23:27So maybe mirror is not a good example, so let's give you another example: a glass cup, a23:32glass plate, a glass picture frame. It fell on Shabbat and completely shattered, and there are big pieces,23:37small pieces. All the pieces are now, since they are potentially hazardous, you could pick it up23:44and throw it in the garbage, even though there's no use for it whatsoever. It doesn't make a23:48difference. Good. So the rule is that when a keli, a utensil, comes into Shabbat and it breaks23:55and it has no function, it should have been muktzeh. However,24:00Because it is dangerous, or it could be potentially dangerous, hazardous,24:05you may pick it up with your regular hand and take it away.24:08It's not going to be24:10muktzeh. That is halacha vav in siman shin-chet in Shulchan Aruch,24:15an important halacha when something breaks on Shabbat.24:17The general rule is something breaks on Shabbat,24:19since it entered Shabbat as a utensil,24:22if it has some sort of function,24:24then the broken pieces are not24:26muktzeh. If there's no function whatsoever and it's not dangerous,24:29then the broken pieces are now in the category of muktzeh machmat gufo,24:34which means they cannot be moved at all.24:37They cannot be handled in the normal way.24:40That seems to be pretty good.24:41Okay, we got that rule.24:42Let's move on now to halacha yod aleph.24:45Halacha yod aleph in Shulchan Aruch, that is.24:49You're going to hear halacha now that's going to sound,24:52you know—how about this?24:53Let's bring you the case,24:54and you should know, if you were paying attention from what we said till now,24:57you should know the answer.24:59What's the halacha? Halacha is as follows.25:01Halacha says about a needle,25:04machat. A needle is25:08a kli שמלאכתו לאיסור because it's usually used to stitch, to sew things, okay?25:12Which means it can be handled if you need it,25:15let's say, if you need its place,25:17if you need to use a needle to take out a thorn, that's fine.25:20But what would happen now if the needle breaks on Shabbat?25:24You know, that sharp part of the needle now breaks.25:27What could you use it for now?25:30Oh, so what are you going to tell me now?25:31What should be the halacha if a needle breaks on Shabbat?25:35What would you say?25:36I would say that's like anything that breaks on Shabbat.25:39What would you say if a chair broke on Shabbat?25:42And the answer is, we look at the pieces,25:44the pieces that can be used for something.25:49Ana mukse, so let me look at the needle now.25:50If the needle broke on Shabbat, could it be used for something?25:54If I could use it for something, it should not be25:57mukse. That's what I would say.25:59That's what anybody would say.26:00The only thing is the halacha is not that way.26:03The halacha says it becomes mukse machmat gufo.26:06I don't read it inside, you know, because of the time,26:08but that's what Shulchan Aruch writes in26:11Halacha Yud Aleph. A machat, a needle that breaks on Shabbat, it is26:16asur. Whoa. Comes the Magen Avraham and says, I don't understand.26:19You told me two seconds ago26:21any utensil that breaks on Shabbat,26:25the pieces will become mukse if there's no function for it.26:29But if there is a function, it will not become26:31mukse. Why by a needle26:32you don't bother to give me that option?26:35You don't give me the option that if it could be used for something.26:39You don't say that right away.26:40You say, Oh, needle broke, mukse, right away.26:43Even, which sounds like, even if it's going to be used,26:48even if you could find a function for the needle, it'd still be26:51mukse. That's the question of the26:55Magen Avraham in סעיף קטן ח׳, and he gives two answers,26:56and we go with the second answer because that's what26:58Mishnah Berurah and all the Acharonim go with.26:59And he explains, you know what the answer is?27:01There's a difference between the needle and the utensils27:06that Shulchan Aruch was speaking about earlier.27:09In the case where Shulchan Aruch was speaking about earlier,27:12broken pieces—I mean broken utensils—when the pieces break,27:16people usually will take the utensils and figure out what to do with them afterwards,27:20and, you know, you could use them for something else.27:22When that chair breaks, the padding, people will usually use it for something else.27:27They use it to sit on it.27:28They'll use it, you know, for the park or for anything else.27:32However, by a needle, the norm of the people is that when the needle breaks,27:36they're not going to try to figure out what to do with it.27:38They're going to dispose of it.27:39Even though somebody could come and be creative and say, You know what?27:42Watch. I'm going to take the needle now and I'm going to show you what I could do with it.27:45It doesn't make a difference.27:46The norm of the people is that that needle, once it breaks, they dispose of it.27:52They get rid of it right away.27:54So based on this27:57Magen Avraham, that explains that when something breaks and the norm is to dispose of it,28:01many Acharonim come along and they say that in our days,28:06this whole halacha that I spent 20 minutes explaining,28:09which is halacha vav, if something breaks on Shabbat,28:12could you use it for something? Could you not use it for something?28:15They explain that it doesn't apply28:19in our days. Why? Because what do we do in our days when something breaks?28:22We throw it out. We dispose of it.28:24Do we try to figure out that maybe we could use it for something else?28:28When your chair breaks, are you going to think,28:30Oh, you know what? Let me use a padding. Let me sit on it.28:33Well, if you're married, you're going to take the padding maybe to use it for something else.28:37Your wife is going to take that stick and beat you with it.28:40How much junk do you want to put in the house?28:41We're already tight. There's already no space.28:44Get it out of my face.28:46And that's the norm.28:47Like the ladies are saying, they have a point.28:49What are you going to do with all the stuff in the house?28:51So therefore, there are many big poskim,28:56including Birchat HaShabbat, Shevet HaLevi,28:59Shalmei Yehuda, and in the name of a few poskim as well,29:03Piskei Teshuvot also quotes some poskim as well,29:06and they all say that in our days,29:10being that people29:13are—the norm of people is that when things break, they get rid of it.29:18So now all utensils that break on Shabbat,29:20according to these29:23Acharonim, have the status of the needle in the halacha29:25that the Shulchan Aruch brings down,29:28which means that since usually29:30people, the norm is that people throw it out,29:32they don't use broken pieces because we have other good things to29:35use. If I need a doorstopper, I'll go spend 99 cents and get four29:39doorstoppers. If I need a padding on the chair,29:41I'll go buy a pillow for $7.99 or whatever it is.29:43I'm not going to take that padding and just lie around.29:46I'm going to throw it out.29:48So because of that, they hold that things that break on Shabbat,29:53even if there's something that they could be used for,29:56it'll become29:57muktzeh. That's the opinion of some of the poskim.29:59However, not everybody agrees on this.30:01As we mentioned last week,30:04many poskim... Go the other way.30:08HaCham Ovadia brings this halacha, Shevrei Kelim.30:09His book was written about, I don't know,30:12seven years ago, eight years ago,30:14not so long ago when he wrote his book on30:17Chod Mukseh, and he brings30:18this halacha. And he knew that30:21nowadays we take things and we throw them out.30:23He saw the Shevet30:24HaLevi, he saw Shalmei Yehuda.30:25He knows the book inside out.30:26He didn't go with it.30:28Why not?30:29Chut HaShani explains a very fundamental difference.30:33He explains, the Chut HaShani, by the way,30:35is Rav Nissim Karelitz.30:37He's the nephew of the30:38Chazon Ish, cousin of Rav Chaim Kanievsky,30:42they should all be well. And he writes that there's a difference30:47between the shevrei kelim, according to30:50Shulchan Aruch, according when he says that broken utensils are not30:53mukseh if they have a function, and the needle.30:55He says, you know why?30:56In the case of the needle, once it breaks,30:59there's nothing to do with it.31:01It's not fit for anything.31:03If you want to use it for something,31:05you have to be really creative31:06and you have to sort of create a reason for it to be used.31:12Not so when, let's say, your chair breaks.31:15The padding is made to sit on.31:17It could be used to sit on.31:18Ah, in our days we'll throw it out.31:20You know why in our days we throw it out?31:22Because Baruch Hashem, Hashem blessed us with plenty.31:24We have so much things that we don't want to keep31:28junk. Sometimes we even get rid of good things in the house.31:31How many times did you get rid of good pants, good shoes?31:33Why? You got to clear out the inventory, right?31:36You have new things coming in.31:38So even though it could be used,31:39we throw them out because we have so much,31:42we don't need it.31:44We can do better,31:46we can do well without it.31:48So it's not that it's not fit for use.31:50It is fit for use.31:51Broken things are fit for use.31:53And once they're fit for use,31:54according to these31:57Acharonim, HaCham Ovadia, Chut HaShani, Minchat Yitzchak, once it's fit for use, that's it.32:00It's not mukzeh. Even if I get rid of it, even if I throw it out, it's not going to be32:06mukzeh. Even if I throw it, by the way, in the garbage, according to Chut HaShani and all these Acharonim that we said,32:11they hold no, the halacha didn't change.32:13However, he does agree, and I believe, even though I didn't see it inside, but I believe all poskim would agree on this,32:21is that if there's something that is not fit for use,32:27and you have to be really creative to come up with, you know, let's say something breaks32:31and it's not fit for use at all, and you have to be really creative to figure out, you know, some sort of use for it,32:37like the case of the needle, a safety pin that breaks.32:40What are you going to use it for? Now I got to go figure out what to do with it, right?32:43So in that case, he'll agree that's like a needle, and therefore it will be32:47mukzeh. So to sum up, according to the opinions32:50that hold that shivrei keilim, the laws of broken pieces still apply nowadays, we have three halachot.32:58Number one is if a utensil comes into Shabbat as a utensil and the pieces break,33:05if the broken pieces have no function, then they're33:10mukzeh, unless they're hazardous, of course, then they're not33:13mukzeh because, you know, chachamim allow you to remove something in order that people shouldn't get hurt from it.33:17Number two, if the utensil breaks on Shabbat33:22and the pieces are functional, they can be used, even though you may not want to use them,33:28still, since they can be used and are made to be used, or you would be able to use it,33:34then they're not mukzeh, like the case of the padding on the chair.33:38However, halacha number three, if something comes into Shabbat as a keli, as a utensil,33:44and completely breaks on Shabbat and the broken pieces really don't have a normal function,33:49you don't know what to use it for, you have to figure out and create some sort of way to use these broken pieces,33:57then they will become mukzeh, like the needle. Because you have to create some sort of use for it.34:05This is an important belief or not? This was only an introduction.34:09What is an introduction for?34:11It's an introduction for a subject that's spoken about by all the Acharonim in our days,34:16because our generation, like we said, our generation, as I've heard it coined by Rabbi34:22Twerski, we're a disposable generation.34:25You use a pen and you're done with it. That's it. You throw it out.34:28You use it once, you throw it out.34:30Cups, spoons. I still remember, and I grew up in a third world country, I guess you could say in34:36Syria. Even though it was a little bit more modern than all the other countries in the Middle East, excluding Israel, that is.34:42Still, I still remember when they, you know, all the forks and spoons that we used, we never had plasticware.34:50All we had was metal and whatever. You know, that's it. We only had this metal,34:53and cups also, metal cups and glass cups. We never had anything, you know, plastic.34:58And I remember the first time that plastics were served somewhere, and people were taking them home.35:04They said, Can you believe it? They're throwing out the forks and spoons.35:08I can't believe they're throwing out forks and spoons. Good fork and good spoon. Look at that.35:12So people took it home. It was new to them.35:15I remember that. I'm not so old, but this wasn't my days.35:18In any case, in our days, there's no such a thing.35:21We have disposable metal, you know, silverware. People will take it and get rid of it.35:27And of course, all the plastic, use it once, you're out. Goodbye. That's it.35:30So therefore, there's a big discussion amongst the poskim with disposables.35:35How do we treat disposables? Why?35:38Well, before we get to the why, let's first tell you what basically the two sides of the coin is.35:43And, you know, we have poskim here and poskim here. It's a35:46machloket. There are poskim. Basically, the question that we have to understand is,35:49do we treat disposables after their use?35:53You know, I'm not talking about new cups and everything.35:55We're talking about, let's say, like a plastic cup that you used already.35:57You're not going to use it again.36:00A plastic cup, do we treat it as a broken needle?36:05In that Shulchan Aruch brought, since the norm of the people is to throw it out,36:09do we say that that's it, it's garbage, and once I throw it out, it's garbage36:13and it's muktzeh machmat gufo, or do we say no? It's not muktzeh machmat gufo.36:19It has a use. It can be used. So what if I'm getting rid of it?36:23But it can be used, right?36:25So it's a36:28machloket. Some say that it's asur, and some say it's mutar.36:33If you have disposals that have been used and I get rid of it,36:36you throw it in the garbage on36:39Shabbat. Not the way that it became so disgusting and you can't pull it out.36:42It's there. It's not disgusting. It's there.36:46It could be, you know, technically, technically, it could be taken out, washed again,36:49and be used again.36:51What would be the status of these kelim if you threw them out?36:54What would be the status of these disposables if you threw them out?36:57The people who say that it becomes muktzeh machmat gufo37:01are the following: Birkat HaShabbat, Shut37:05Migdanot Eliyahu, as well as Me'or HaShabbat in the name of Rav Shlomo Zalman37:10Auerbach. That's a big name over there, Rav Shlomo Zalman37:12Auerbach, among the main poskim that's37:14oser. However, on the other side of the coin, you have other poskim that permit it.37:19Who are they?37:20And they are Rav Shteinberg, Rav Pinchas Chaim Shteinberg, zatzal,37:26in the back of Sefer Shalmei Yehuda.37:28He has a whole ma'amar arguing on Rav Shlomo Zalman37:31Auerbach, as well as37:34Rav Nissim Karelitz, Badei HaChaim Tovim. They both hold that if you throw it out on Shabbat, they're not37:38muktzeh. And I will explain why the people who say they are37:42muktzeh, why the people according to opinions that hold they are not37:44muktzeh. Let's begin.37:46We find by shivrei kelim, by utensils that broke on Shabbat,37:49is that there's an item that entered Shabbat as a keli.37:54According to halacha, it's a utensil,37:56and on Shabbat it transformed from a keli, which was not38:02muktzeh, it transformed into something that became38:04muktzeh machmat gufo, in the middle of Shabbat.38:07What were the conditions of what happened in this keli in order that it transformed it38:12from a keli to muktzeh on Shabbat?38:15There were two things.38:17Number one is, when the item broke, it was not fit for use anymore,38:23like the case of the needle. It's not fit for use.38:26Number two is that it was also the norm to throw it out,38:31like the case of the needle.38:33So therefore, according to38:35these poskim, they hold that if you have disposables that were used,38:39since now you're throwing it out,38:43it's not fit for use anymore,38:44because let's say you used it, it's not fit, it's not made to be used.38:49And number two is the norm of everybody is to get rid of it.38:53So therefore, according to them,38:55if you have a soda bottle that's finished, that's completely empty,38:59or if you have plasticware, like, you know, disposable cups and forks and plates and spoons and all these things,39:05or let's say you have potato chips bag,39:08after all the contents, all the potato chips are out,39:11or, you know, in Israel they have these milk bags,39:13if you know what I'm talking about, you're missing a lot of fun.39:15But anyway, they have their milk comes in bags,39:18and after they, you know, they rip it from the side, they empty out all the milk from there.39:21So let's say there's no more milk inside those bags.39:23Or let's say you have candy wrappers.39:25You had a Laffy Taffy, you took out your Laffy Taffy.39:28Actually, Laffy Taffy gets stuck, so let's not use that.39:30You have, let's say, a regular candy, you know, you took out the39:33wrapper. According to these39:37poskim that oser, once these items have been, once you're done using them,39:41you're finished, they're not fit for use anymore, you throw them out.39:43That's it. They're39:45muktzeh. The question on them, and they do answer, but the question on them is,39:51how could you compare it to broken39:53kelim? By kelim, by shivrei kelim, which we mentioned, Shulchan Aruch,39:56the item actually gets broken.39:58There's a keli, and—40:00Breaks. What are you comparing? Over here, the soda bottle is still around. It's still intact.40:06I can technically use it to refill, and some people will refill it,40:10right? So how could you compare the two?40:13So the answer that's given in the name of Rav Shlomo40:16Zalman Auerbach, explained in Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach's words, is as follows.40:20The way the item in the Shulchan Aruch broke,40:24there was an action, a physical change that happened to it.40:28So here also, there was a physical change that happened to the soda bottle.40:32The soda bottle came into Shabbat as a bottle.40:35It was holding the contents inside. It was holding the Coca-Cola inside.40:39When I emptied it out on Shabbat, or when it was emptied out on Shabbat,40:42it doesn't make a difference if it was me or my kid or if it fell,40:45that physical change of emptying it out40:49is equal to the physical change of the case of Shulchan Aruch40:54when the utensil came into Shabbat and it broke.40:57And therefore, in both cases, I have a physical change done to the item,41:02and they're not fit for use anymore,41:04and they're made to be thrown out,41:05and the norm is to throw it out.41:08In that case, they become41:10muktzeh. This is the explanation of41:13these poskim. This is why they hold these things become41:15muktzeh. The flip side of it, the other people who are41:20cholek, their logic is a little bit easier to understand. It's more straightforward,41:24and they say the following:41:26that if I took a disposable, if I took a bottle on Shabbat,41:30what's called a soda bottle,41:32I finished using it and I throw it out in my recycled bin,41:35it's not muktzeh. You know why?41:37Because at the end of the day, it's a bottle.41:39It came into Shabbat as a bottle, and it's still a bottle.41:41True, the norm is to throw it out,41:43but you know why we throw it out?41:44Similar to what we said before, why we throw out broken pieces,41:48because we have plenty. We've been blessed with plenty.41:51We have so many things.41:52Why would I use a bottle of soda to refill water?41:57I'll go buy myself another bottle of water, another gallon.42:00I'm not losing much.42:02So therefore, according to— The poskim that we listed,42:08Rav Shteinberg, Chot HaShani, and all the other42:12poskim, if I threw out my candy wrapper, all these things,42:16as long as they didn't become ma'us, didn't become disgusting,42:20if I picked them up, if even if I threw them on Shabbat in the garbage,42:24I could still pull it out of the garbage.42:26It will not be42:27muktzeh. They don't have the status of muktzeh. Why?42:29At the end of the day, they retain their original status.42:33They are a keli. The status of keli does not go away for them.42:37So, for example, the case of a soda bottle,42:40the case of a plastic cup that's still not broken,42:44a plastic plate, candy wrappers, potato chips bag,42:47as long as they're still functioning as what they used to function,42:51that means the potato chips bag was not completely ripped apart,42:53you know, just opened up on top. The candy wrapper could still be used technically,42:57all these things, they're not muktzeh, even if I get rid of them.42:59You know why?43:02Because they came into Shabbat as a keli,43:04and they will not lose their status of a keli43:09until there was a physical change to them43:12that made them not be functionable anymore.43:18And that's what's going to make them muktzeh according to the other43:21poskim. So now you're going to tell me, what's the halacha? What do we do, rule?43:24The answer is that you could be lenient over here43:27because, like we said, muktzeh is anyway43:31derabanan, safek derabanan lekula. But in general, like we always said by all43:34machlokot, a person should try to be machmir when possible.43:37But if it's not possible, then you can be lenient.43:39I believe Chacham Ovadia is also of the opinion43:41that they don't become muktzeh if you threw them out on Shabbat.43:45However, almost all the poskim will agree43:47that disposables which have been Thrown away before Shabbat,43:55before Shabbat came in, they will be43:59muktzeh. HaChacham Vadia also agrees. They all agree on this.44:02For example, you have, you know, the recycling bag,44:05and you have your bottles inside.44:07So you took your cans, you took your bottles,44:10you opened them up before Shabbat, you used all of them,44:12and you threw them out now inside of the garbage bag for,44:18what do you call it, for recycling.44:21But you threw that before Shabbat.44:22On Shabbat you decide, you know what, I want to use a bottle.44:24You can't, because it came into Shabbat as muktzeh machmat gufo,44:29and will remain that way until after Shabbat,44:34because it's muktzeh machmat gufo.44:37Okay,44:37with that we conclude the halachot of muktzeh machmat gufo, of broken pieces.44:45And really, we're going to put a pause really over here,44:47not a stop, but we're going to put a pause.44:50The halacha, Parashat Muketz, which deals with the halachot of44:54muktzeh, still didn't finish, but we're going to take a big break44:57because we have to start already talking about the holidays.44:59We have to speak about the days of Elul,45:02Selichot, Rosh Hashanah, Shofar.45:05We have, Baruch Hashem, recorded classes on all these subjects.45:08We worked very hard in the past to make these classes.45:11We will have some sort of contact number45:14or some way that you could still contact45:16if you have any questions on what we said45:18or what we're going to say in the future,45:20even on the recorded classes.45:21Anybody who has questions on Hilchot Muktzeh, text it in right now,45:24but don't call in.45:25Please don't call in.45:26We have only ten minutes.45:27I would like to discuss an important45:29halacha that's very relevant this year45:31and only happens once in seven years.45:33I'm not going to read the halacha inside.45:35I will say it all outside,45:36but you could find this halacha written.45:39In the Ben45:40Ish Hai, in Parashat45:42Kitabo, the last45:44halacha, halacha chav-vav. By the way, that's Shanah Rishonah.45:46If you want to see it inside in the Shulchan Aruch,45:48it's in Choshen Mishpat,45:50siman samech vav, I believe, or samech zayin.45:53You look over there.45:54That's the halachot of45:56pruzbul. What in the world is45:58pruzbul? So, I'm sure we are aware46:00that we're in the year of Shemitah.46:02If we're not aware,46:03okay, it's not too late.46:04We still have three weeks left till Rosh Hashanah,46:07so let's know that right now.46:08This year,46:10תשפ״ה, is a year of Shemitah.46:12Now, in general,46:13we're familiar with Shemitah46:14is that you don't work the field,46:16the fruits are hefker,46:17you can go and grab whatever fruits grow46:20in the year of Shemitah46:21in Eretz Yisrael.46:22However, the rules of Shemitah,46:24there's another aspect to Shemitah,46:27which Shemitah means46:28foregoing, letting go.46:29There's another aspect to Shemitah46:31that is relevant46:33even for us46:34here in Chutz46:35La'aretz. It applies everywhere,46:37not only in46:37Eretz Yisrael, but even in Chutz46:39La'aretz. What are we talking about?46:40That is Shemitat46:42Kesafim. What is Shemitat46:44Kesafim? We'll explain what that is right now.46:46We just read it in last week's parashah.46:48The Torah tells us46:49this is46:50mid'Oraita, from the Torah46:51there's a law,46:51there's a46:52halacha. What's46:53the halacha? Halacha is46:55that if you lend people money46:57and the collection date47:00is any time before the end of Shemitah,47:03the end of the Shemitah,47:05the conclusion of the Shemitah year,47:06then when the Shemitah year is over,47:10then you cannot request47:14from the person you lent money to,47:16you cannot ask him for your money back.47:18You can't press him for the money.47:20That is known as47:24lo yigos. Clear?47:24Let's repeat it one more time.47:26Let's give an example.47:28Let's say I'm going to use two people over here,47:31myself and Abraham.47:33If I lend Abraham47:37ten thousand dollars, and Abraham has to pay me the ten thousand dollars... Next week.47:42Next week is going to be 10th of Elul.47:45The 10th of Elul,47:47Tav Shin Ayin Hei, Yud Elul, Tav Shin Ayin Hei, is within the Shemitah year.47:53Since the collection date is due47:57within the Shemitah year,47:58or within the last seven years.48:01Years, then next year after shemitah is over, if I can come to Abraham and request that he should pay me back.48:11The Torah tells us that we have to forgive the loan. You cannot get it back. You have to forgive it.48:16And if the person comes to you and says, You know, I want to pay you back, you have to let him know,48:20By the way, we just finished shemitah, and I already forgave you for the loan.48:25If he says, Okay, thank you, and he leaves, there you go, you lost your48:31ten thousand dollars. No, you did a big mitzvah with48:35ten thousand dollars. However, if he tells you, I know, I learned halacha, I listened to the halacha hour,48:39I know what the halacha is. I still want to give it to you anyway, then you're allowed to accept it.48:44So I'm sure everybody's flipping out, as everybody, you know, when they hear this, they go, What?48:49Are you kidding? I have to lose my money?48:51Well, that's what the Torah48:53commands. The only thing is, you have to know that in our days, that we don't have the mitzvah of48:59yovel, and we don't have the mitzvah of shemitah mide'oraita, there's a machloket. There's a49:06three-way machloket. There are three opinions in Rishonim when it comes to collecting a debt after the shemitah year.49:15What are the three opinions?49:16One opinion holds that the obligation of forgiving a loan is49:25mide'oraita. It's biblical. It's a49:27chiyuv mide'oraita. You're not allowed to press a person for money. That's from the Torah,49:30just like it says, You're not allowed to eat taref. You're not allowed to go and press somebody for money.49:34You're not allowed to steal. You're not allowed to press somebody for money49:37if he owed you the money as a loan from before shemitah.49:44That is one opinion, I believe the opinion of the Ramban.49:47The second opinion... It's the completely other extreme.49:51That's the Raza. The Raza holds, no. If a person owes you the money,49:59and you are owed the money, and Shemitah comes, yes, the Torah says you can't collect it,50:05but that's talking about a time—that's the Torah is talking about only in Eretz Yisrael,50:10not chutz la'aretz. Chutz la'aretz, this halacha does not apply at all.50:16Ah, what about the Gemara? He explains the Gemara is only talking about Eretz Yisrael. It's not talking about chutz50:20la'aretz. So therefore, according to him, the mitzvah of Shemitat Kesafim does not apply in chutz50:24la'aretz. The third opinion, which is also the opinion of the majority of the50:29poskim, of the majority of Rishonim, also the opinion of Shulchan Aruch,50:32is that the mitzvah of shemitat kesafim, which means forgiving a loan after Shemitah,50:39is applicable everywhere in the world, in Eretz Yisrael as well as outside of Eretz Yisrael,50:44in America, everywhere in the world, even in our days,50:48but only miderabanan, not mideoraita. It's only50:51miderabanan. So therefore, miderabanan, it's a rabbinical obligation that when somebody owes you money50:57and his due date was before the conclusion of the year of the Shemitah,51:02it's a mitzvah miderabanan to forgive it.51:04Now, what happened is, I'm sure you're probably saying in your mind, and you probably said it already,51:09Oh yeah, then nobody's going to lend money.51:11That's exactly what was happening, what happened in Jewish history.51:13In the times of Hillel, the Gemara says51:18in Masechet Gittin, people stopped lending people money when it came close to Shemitah.51:21They said, One second, Abraham's coming to ask me for a loan now for51:24ten thousand dollars. I know he needs it right now to open a new business,51:26but I know what's going to happen. If I lend him the51:30ten thousand dollars, then in two months it's going to be Shemitah,51:31and although he promised me he's going to pay me back,51:34but I know what's going to happen: Shemitah is going to come and I can't press him for the money,51:37and I lost my51:39ten thousand dollars. So people stopped lending money,51:41and because people stopped lending money, now they were doing a bigger51:44issur. Now they were doing an issur d'Oraita. The Torah says,51:48when you see the shemitah year coming, don't say in your mind,51:51Ah, shemitah is coming, I don't want to lend people money.51:53That's asur min d'Oraita. If you refuse to give someone a loan because51:58you're scared that the shemitah is gonna make you forgive the loan,52:03you're transgressing52:05an issur d'Oraita. So came Hillel, and he said, according to52:07poskim that say that this is only miderabanan, came Hillel and he said,52:10One second, we gotta save the Jewish people.52:12So therefore he found, I guess some people would call it a loophole,52:15but it's really not a loophole, but he found what we call a tikkun.52:18That's what poskim means, a tikkun for the52:21ashirim. He found a way to be able to make everybody happy,52:24the person who needs the loan, Abraham, and the ashir who's giving him the loan.52:30How is that so? He made something called52:33prosbul. See, if you look in the Torah, the Torah says,52:35Lo yigos et re'ehu. A person is not allowed to press another Jew. A Jew is not allowed to press another Jew for money.52:40But the Torah uses the term re'ehu, which means two Jews equal to each other.52:46Somebody who is not your friend. What does it mean he's not your friend?52:48It means to say an organization, like a beit din, or like, let's say, the Mikdash,52:55if they themselves are pressing someone for the money,53:00Torah does not obligate them to forgive it, even after shemitah.53:05L'mashal, let's say, for example, the beit din of Brooklyn decides to lend Abraham53:12ten thousand dollars. The beit din could send a letter to Abraham after shemitah and53:15say, Yes, we know that you owe us the money already from before shemitah.53:18We're asking that you pay us the money back.53:21What do you mean your beit din? How could you not know53:23the halacha? You have to forgive it. And they said, No, they don't have to forgive it,53:25because it says, Lo yigos et re'ehu, only from Jew to Jew,53:28one individual to another individual can not press him for the money,53:32but not an organization.53:34So therefore what Hillel did is he made this takanah called53:36prosbul, where basically what this takanah does is that the people who lend out money...53:42They appoint a certain beit din as their collection agency.53:51And now they ask the beit din, I want you, the beit din, Mr. Beit Din of Brooklyn,53:56Beit Din of Ocean Parkway, Beit Din of Ocean Avenue, you will now be my collection agency.54:02I request, I hand over, I give over all my, you know, collection contracts,54:09and you go collect the money for me.54:11In turn, the beit din will say, Okay, we will collect the money for you.54:14We're hiring you as an agent to go collect that money for us, for you.54:19You got how it works? It sounds like a loophole, right?54:22But that's what it is. It's a54:23tikkun. That's what the prosbul is.54:25So therefore, Rabbeinu Yishai brings it down in54:30halacha pesukah ketavo, and it's in54:31Shulchan Aruch, that really a person, min dina banan, according to Shulchan Aruch, you have to forgive the loan.54:36But if you don't want to forgive the loan, you don't have to.54:40You can make a prosbul, which gives you the right to collect your loan54:44even after shemitah.54:45So it's important, B'notai, that you should know and let other people know54:49that you have to make a54:51prosbul. Even people, you still don't understand 100% of what I said,54:54do chazara tonight when you hear the class again tonight at 11.54:57And if you still don't understand and you're kept on reviewing it,54:59at least go up to people and say, Did you make a55:01prosbul? You lend people money. Did you make a55:03prosbul? If they don't know, let them ask their rabbi.55:05And it's important to do that in order55:07that we should be mekayem the psak of55:09Shulchan Aruch. Even though there's what to rely on, but it's better55:11that we shouldn't have to rely on those opinions55:14because according to some opinions, it's even55:18de'oraita. Okay, that is it. We are signing off.55:20We'll give our thanks now to J Radio and everybody here,55:23Nissim, Eran, and we miss you,55:26Nasan. If you're listening to us, he's not around.55:28And we thank you, of course, the listeners for listening.55:30If anyone has a question, you may call into the studio right now at55:36718-683-5858, or you could text by55:41347-927-8398. Thank you for listening. Have a wonderful week and Shabbat shalom.