Torah · Halacha YomitLaws of Mukseh: Objects that Have no Purpose on ShabbatRabbi Uri Nahum · September 6, 2022 · Laws of Mukseh-15Play+30Position0:00—Save⌄ShareA Shabbat halacha class with Rabbi Uri Nahum.Recorded by BSD Productions.Transcript0:00Welcome to the Halacha Hour here on JRoot Radio.0:04This is the Halacha Hour live on0:09Chaf Av, the 20th of Av, August 5th, 2015.0:14We got to correct this. Okay, we are here live in the studio.0:17Let's give you the numbers first, and then we'll get to our subject,0:20be'ezrat Hashem, today. The numbers to the studio are0:24718-683-5858. You call, we have Natan with us, who's going to be answering your phone calls.0:29He'll just take your phone calls and we'll answer them.0:32If you want to be on the air on the subject that we're speaking about,0:35then you call before 30:38o'clock. If you want to ask a question off the air,0:41then please call after 30:43o'clock. 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The anonymous person who did not want to be mentioned on the air.2:02Okay, we are in the halachot of2:05mukzeh. We are going through the Ben Ish Hai in Parashat2:09Miketz. We are up to the second year of Ben2:13Ish Hai—not up to, that's what we started from,2:14second year of Ben Ish Hai, Parashat Miketz, halachot of2:17mukzeh. Last week we put on a rerun, a review really, an important review.2:23Baruch Hashem, we got a lot of feedback, positive feedback, of people who appreciate the review.2:29And the review was basically of the categories of2:36mukzeh, so we won't have to go through them again.2:38We are going to continue straight where we left off.2:40The last thing we left off the last time before we took off for three weeks,2:43we left off speaking about the category of mukzeh known as mukzeh machmat chisaron kis.2:50We're pretty much done with that category.2:52We are now up to halacha2:55vav. However, we're going to go a little bit out of order2:58because our purpose here is that you should understand the halachot and have a clarity of the halachot,3:03and not just to go through the Ben3:04Ish Hai. So we're going to be jumping around these se'ifim, the halachot in the Ben3:08Ish Hai, in order that we should have them all categorized the way I felt that they should be categorized.3:13I try to stick to the order as much as possible,3:15but it's more important that we have clarity on the subject.3:20So we're going to halacha zayin, and this halacha zayin3:24introduces—the Ben Ish Hai here introduces us to the new category,3:28to the next category in mukzeh that we have not discussed in detail yet,3:33and that is the halachot of mukzeh machmat gufo.3:42Mukzeh because of— Itself, of its gufo,3:47we'll define it in a second.3:49This is category, I believe, I believe we're up to category number3:56four. Yes, category number3:57four. You should know, most, you know, we mentioned in the beginning4:01that the halachot of muktzeh, as4:03the poskim bring down, are very, very complicated and they're very long.4:06You should know this category of muktzeh machmat gufo is the reason for that.4:12Most of the complications of the halachot of muktzeh are based,4:16or really work off this category of4:19muktzeh machmat gufo. So really, we need to define it very, very well,4:22to really have clarity on its definition,4:25and then jump around in basically the application of this halacha4:31and/or the halachot in this4:33category. You should know, I personally didn't feel that there was a real pattern4:38that you could just, you know, like a mold, basically just apply4:41to every—it's not as clear or as—it's not as defined so clearly as the other categories of4:50muktzeh, like kli shemelachto l'isur and other ones.4:52The rules are the same.4:54Muktzeh machmat gufo, we'll see that you cannot move it4:58like4:59muktzeh machmat chisaron kis, but what qualifies to be muktzeh machmat gufo,5:03this is actually where the complication begins.5:05Let's start first of all with the definition.5:07I'm going to read straight from the Ben5:10Ish Chai, and Be'ezrat Hashem we'll clarify as we go along.5:12Let's begin, halacha5:20zayin. כל דבר שאין תורת כלי עליו, ואינו מאכל אדם ולא מאכל בהמה. Anything which doesn't have the status of a utensil,5:26that means it doesn't—it's in halacha, it's not called a5:29kli, it's not used for anything,5:32means to say the item itself is being used for something.5:36And it's also not a food for humans or even food for animals.5:42Kegon, here the Ben Ish Chai gives us a few examples,5:44like, for example, abanim, stones, ma'ot, money.5:51We've said this in the past; we'll clarify right now.5:53Why is money not considered a5:55kli? I use money to buy with it all the time,5:58and trust me, people will take my money anytime I offer money6:01or it's available. Even if it's not available,6:04sometimes they'll take it even if I don't offer it, right?6:06Money. So what's going on?6:09Why is money considered muktzeh machmat gufo?6:11And the answer is, as6:14the poskim bring down, is that you don't use the actual money itself for a function,6:19but you exchange with the money to get what you want.6:26Lemashal, I want to right now—I'm looking in front of me,6:29I see a microphone over here in the6:31studio—so I want to purchase a microphone.6:34The money is what I use in order to exchange so I can get the microphone.6:38But the microphone itself is what I use to be able to record6:43or to be able to magnify my voice.6:45So therefore, the microphone is a6:50keli, but the money is not a keli. It's just used for exchange.6:52And I'll give you even more.6:55Imagine, for some reason—has v'shalom, of course,6:57because we have that6:59money—but imagine the money, the dollar, goes out of circulation.7:03You know, once upon a time, that's how it used to be.7:05Every new leader, every new king, new Caesar,7:08when he comes to the scene,7:10he disqualifies all the minted coins from before him.7:14He puts out new coins, and with his face on it,7:18and that's it.7:20Now this new coin is in circulation;7:21the old one is out of style.7:24It's worthless, zero.7:26It's not like a microphone of tomorrow.7:28They come out with some wireless mic that you don't even need to see it.7:31It's like a, you know, invisible microphone. I don't know.7:34They keep on coming out with new things. This is not far from them.7:37Okay, so imagine they come out.7:38Now, although this is outdated, but it could still be used.7:41It's used for something,7:42not so with money.7:44Money is a piece of paper. It's a coin.7:46It's in itself, inherently it has no purpose in it.7:49It's only because we gave it some sort of value.7:52So therefore, maot are money.7:55Any sort of money,7:56even a dollar or a shekel,7:58they are in this category.8:03Category called מוקצה מחמת גופו. Other examples the Ben Ish Chai brings over here:8:05עצים, wood; קנים, reeds; קורות, beams; עפר, dirt; חול, sand;8:15קמח, flour; ועיסה, dough; והמת, or a dead body. This is a harsh thing for people to swallow,8:22to accept. A person who passes away on Shabbat, or even before Shabbat,8:28we really, there's not much we can do. There is what we can do, but there's not much that we can do to the dead body.8:33The body is מוקצה. It's hard for people to really accept this.8:37And this halacha is really discussed more in detail in Parashat Vayigash.8:42That, Hashem, we'll get to it when we get to it.8:44In any case, let's continue other examples:8:46בעלי חיים, animals; וכיוצא בדברים אלו. All such other examples,8:51these are all things that are considered8:55מוקצה מחמת גופו. Before we continue in the Ben Ish Chai, I listed a few items over here also9:00that are a little bit more common examples, or maybe we have lying around the house,9:04that will be in the category of9:07מוקצה מחמת גופו. I took it from the9:11poskim. Let's start like this: ticket stubs,9:14okay? Besides the fact that they also might be in the category of שטרי הדיוטות, as we discussed in Parashat9:20Vayishlach, ticket stubs are also מוקצה מחמת גופו because you exchange, you show it to the person that you,9:24you know, let's say you want to get into the stadium, so you show them the tickets.9:28Or let's say an airport ticket, airline tickets, also9:32מוקצה מחמת גופו. Inherently they have no value.9:34If they decide to cancel your flight, they mean absolutely nothing.9:37So it's not only stubs, but even tickets themselves will be considered9:42מוקצה מחמת גופו. Also sometimes, you know, rocks. You might say, rocks.9:45Okay, besides the rocks that you see in your backyard or whatever,9:47but sometimes you have in your house a9:50wall, and, you know, the sheetrock kind of breaks because your kids decide to, you know, use it as a punching bag.9:56So now pieces of sheetrock are falling off.9:58Or if you have one of those old houses that are not sheetrock, they're all plastered,10:03that's also10:05מוקצה מחמת גופו. People have in their houses sometimes plaster or compound,10:08which although it can be used to hold things together,10:13but in and of itself it's considered10:17מוקצה מחמת גופו. The same thing would go by if you have glue sticks,10:21glue. People have glue sticks and such things.10:23It's not a10:24כלי. The item itself is not a כלי, but it's used to stick things on.10:28Same thing like stones.10:29I could use stones also to build, but in itself it has no inherent purpose.10:34Another example is if, let's say, you decide to renovate or to fix your house10:38and you have some beams and you have some moldings that you decide to put up.10:42That's also, even though they are going to be used for decoration of the house,10:48that doesn't make it10:49a כלי. כלי is I have to use the actual item for a purpose.10:52So if it's just for decoration, that does not make it a10:56כלי, and therefore that falls in the category of10:59עצים ואבנים, stones and wood, that are considered11:05מוקצה מחמת גופו, as opposed to pictures. Although you don't use the actual picture,11:08but the pictures are made to show,11:10and therefore the picture itself is not מוקצה, assuming there's no caption on it.11:15Again, we're jumping a little bit in different categories of11:18halacha because that's how Hilchot Shabbat11:21work. You may cover yourself; something may be מותר according to a certain11:27melacha, but it might be אסור for a different reason.11:29למשל, this over here, this picture.11:33A picture that has a caption on it that tells you, describes you,11:36tells you this is President, I don't know, Roosevelt, you know, on a hunting trip.11:43So that's asur to read. That's asur on Shabbat. That's11:45muktzeh because you're not allowed to read that caption on the bottom.11:48Where if you have a picture without a caption, that would be mutar.11:52The only time captions are mutar is if they are describing gedolei Torah,11:57because that gives you yirat shamayim.11:58So the pictures with a caption, even a caption,12:02you know, sometimes you have in biographies,12:03you'll see pictures of12:05gedolim, and I'll say, This is of Moshe Feinstein learning in the bungalow colony in the summers12:10when he used to live.12:11So that caption is mutar because those pictures, as the poskim explain,12:17they give a person yirat shamayim, and therefore they'll be mutar.12:21Those are just a few examples. I'm sure you could think of your own examples.12:26Now that we're speaking about muktzeh, let's continue in these12:31halachot. What's the din with these things?12:34Even something that, you know, I could find a use for it12:39on Shabbat. For example,12:42abanim12:45shelo huknu liftzoa bahem megozim. I have stones in my backyard,12:46and now I need to open up, you know, those nuts that come with the hard shell,12:53like the almonds with the hard shell.12:56So you want to crack the nuts, and you want to take a stone from your backyard.13:01Look, I found a use for it,13:03but since these stones were not designated for it,13:07or let's say, lemashal, I have a big wide stone,13:12you know those flat stones, I forgot what they call them right now,13:14but I want to use it to cover—let's say I lost the cover to my barrel.13:18I have a barrel, I have food inside of it, and I want to cover it.13:21The barrel cover is missing, and now I want to use this big stone to cover my barrel.13:26Even though it could be fit to be used,13:30however, being that so far until now, until Shabbat came in,13:35these stones didn't have the status of a keli, of a utensil.13:40They were just stones,13:43harei ze muktzeh machmat gufo. Then it is in the category of muktzeh machmat gufo,13:47which means the halacha is13:52asur letaltelam, even asur gufam komam. One may not move them even if you want to use the item itself,13:58which we call tzorech gufo,14:00or if you want to move the item because you need its place.14:04Let's say your children playing in the backyard14:08took a few stones and they put them on your chair,14:10and now you can't sit on the chair because the stone is there.14:12It's not tasha b'abi; you don't want to sit on it now. It's14:15Shabbos. You can't move it. Why?14:17Because the stone is muktzeh machmat gufo,14:20and it's forbidden to move it for any purpose,14:22not l'tzorech gufo, not14:26l'tzorech mekomo. Good? That is an important halacha to keep in mind.14:29However, there are ways that you could turn the stones,14:33you could turn anything that's muktzeh machmat gufo into a keli.14:36How does that work?14:37Says the Ben14:45Ish Chai, If you came before Shabbat14:49and you decided that I want to designate this item14:53for a purpose, for a use,14:56and you did this from before Shabbat,14:58so then what you did,15:00you have the power to be able to make this stone,15:04you turn it from a stone which is nothing, muktzeh machmat gufo,15:07you turn it now into a keli15:09that has become now, that has the status of a keli.15:14And it makes no difference how heavy they are.15:18Since you turned them into a keli15:21by designating them,15:23they have the status before Shabbat.15:24So when Shabbat came in, they have the status of a keli15:26and you can move them on Shabbat.15:28Let's take an example.15:29Let's say you took a stone,15:31like we said, let's say you saw erev Shabbat,15:32you have this barrel15:34and you have inside of it toys for the kids,15:36or, you know, sometimes they have, I'll tell you what it is,15:39they have these storage boxes,15:41you know, the ones that you buy from Home Depot.15:42They have the different sizes,15:44so there's a proper terminology for it,15:47but I don't remember.15:48But you have them, you have all the toys,15:50kids, the kids' toys in there.15:52You have sometimes the costumes15:53that the kids like to play,15:54you put them all inside,15:56and the cover is missing,15:57the cover is broken,15:58you don't have it, but now you want a cover,15:59you have guests coming.16:00over, or you want to put something just to cover it.16:03So you have some, you know, sheetrock that you threw in the backyard16:06that's, you know, not usable.16:08Even if you plan to use the sheetrock, whatever it is,16:11you have a lot of basically material in the back16:13that is otherwise muktzeh machmat gufo.16:16You decided that, you know what,16:19before Shabbat, I want to use it now as a cover16:23for my storage bins.16:27This designation that you made before Shabbat16:31turns this scrap of wood or metal or sheetrock,16:36returns it now16:37to keli. Now you converted it into a kisui, a cover for your16:42kelim, and you're allowed to move it now on Shabbat.16:44Oh, it's a stone,16:45and what's16:47my manishtanah, stone hazeh, ma stone hazeh?16:48What's the difference between this scrap of sheetrock and this scrap of sheetrock?16:51And the answer is, one of them you designated as a cover for your bin;16:57the other one you didn't designate.16:59So you have the ability to change, to convert something from muktzeh machmat gufo17:04to a17:05keli, but you have to do this on Erev Shabbat.17:08You have to do this on Friday.17:09This cannot be done on Shabbat.17:11The way the item comes into Shabbat,17:14that's how it remains throughout the Shabbat.17:16If it came into Shabbat as17:18muktzeh, it's just a piece of17:20stone, a piece of sheetrock, a piece of wood,17:22it remains that way throughout the whole duration of Shabbat,17:25even though you now have a purpose for17:27it.17:30But if you don't allow it to come in as17:33muktzeh, you designate it as a keli before Shabbat,17:35even though it looks the same,17:37it's just another, you know, board,17:39it's a piece of wood.17:40No, it's not a piece of wood.17:42It's a cover,17:43and therefore it's not17:44muktzeh. You could use it also on Shabbat.17:48You could also use it on Shabbat17:50to whatever you need to use.17:53Now, there are a lot of halachot for this:17:55how to designate an item,17:57and which items could you designate,17:59and what could you designate them for.18:01There are a lot of18:02halachot on how to designate an item.18:05Again, the main part of this,18:08this thing will be spoken about18:10in the Bnei Yissaschar later on in Parashat Vayigash.18:12So anything that's there in Parashat Vayigash,18:14I'm keeping it for that parasha.18:17And therefore,18:18if a person really has a practical question,18:20really you have some scrap in the back18:22and you want to use it,18:23you want to designate it,18:24so if you need to do it right away,18:26make sure you call in after18:28three o'clock, be'ezrat Hashem we'll answer you.18:29Otherwise, you know,18:31just follow us along, you know, each week18:33until we get to Parashat Vayigash,18:35and then we'll learn these18:37halachot, be'ezrat Hashem, when we get to them.18:39Now, one thing I do have to mention18:44that you have to know,18:45that not everything can be designated.18:48And this is a quick18:49halacha, just very, very quickly.18:50Designating, I saw it brought down,18:53it's a chiddush, designating a stone to throw at animals18:55or to throw at people from before Shabbat,18:57it's not called making it a keli.19:00To make, let's say we said19:02that you want to turn something19:04from stone or scrap into a keli,19:07what you have to do is,19:09before Shabbat, designate it,19:10right?19:11But it has to be a keli that's used.19:13A stone to throw at people,19:16a stone to, you know,19:17to throw at birds or animals19:19that may come to your backyard,19:21it's19:22muktzeh. Of course, if there's sakana,19:24there's no question.19:25If it's sakana,19:26you could pick up a19:27gun and shoot the animal,19:28you know what I'm saying?19:29This is not, what's it called,19:32you could be trained to19:34go almost every aveirah in the Torah19:35because when it's dangerous.19:36We're not talking about sakana.19:38We're talking about stam, you see19:39a raccoon in your backyard,19:41now you want to take a19:42stone and throw it at it,19:43not a good idea,19:44but let's say you want to do such a thing,19:45so that would be asur on Shabbat.19:48If you see that the raccoon is very dangerous,19:51your kids are out there in the backyard19:52and you see the raccoon,19:54and chas v'shalom it's a danger19:55that maybe the raccoon has19:57rabies and might attack,19:58yeah, then you're right.19:59You could go ahead, call20:00911 and do whatever you need to do20:01to get rid of the sakana20:03if you feel it's imminent danger.20:05But in such a case,20:07to designate it before Shabbat20:08to throw at animals20:09is not considered designation.20:11That is Halacha Zayin,20:15a description of20:19מוקצה מחמת גופו. We hope that was clear,20:20because now, based on this halacha,20:23much of the following halachot,20:26בעזרת השם, will be based on this halacha.20:30Let's begin.20:31Before that, we have a question over here.20:34The question is,20:35if you own an animal,20:36is it מוקצה, a dog or a cat?20:38And the answer is yes.20:40Animals are considered20:42מוקצה. בעלי חיים, all living animals, are considered20:46מוקצה. How one could handle animals,20:48guess what?20:49It's in Parashat Vayigash.20:51So the full details,20:53בעזרת השם, we'll talk about it20:54when we get to it then.20:55But meanwhile,20:56to pick up your dog,20:58to pick up your cat on Shabbat21:00is forbidden.21:02They are considered21:07מוקצה. Okay, there's a comment here.21:09No, I'm not going to comment on that comment.21:12Okay, let's continue.21:14Halacha21:20Chet. Halacha21:22Chet. This halacha21:24talks about merchandise for sale.21:27It's pretty much straightforward.21:30I believe we discussed it21:31very, very little21:32when we discussed21:35מוקצה מחמת חסרון כיס, and the items listed in this halacha21:39borderline between21:42מוקצה מחמת חסרון כיס and21:44מוקצה מחמת גופו, as we'll see in a second.21:46Let's read.21:49כליים העומדים לסחורה. Any utensils that are made for,21:53or not made for,21:54but are there for,21:57you know, you place them for business,21:59to buy and22:00sell—not to buy, but to sell22:04them—אף על פי שאינם כלים משתמש בהם שום תשמיש. Even though people don't use them at all,22:12מקום מקום, אם אינו מקפיד עליהם להשתמש בהם, אין להם דין מוקצה, ... Since it goes by the person,22:14the owner of the22:15items. Let's say, you know,22:16some people sell from their basement.22:18They sell shirts,22:19they sell whatever they,22:20you know, they sell anything from their basement.22:22Some people have grocery stores,22:23some people have clothing stores,22:25some people have electronic items,22:28and some people have22:29sefarim stores in their22:30basement. Whatever you may have in your22:32basement that you're selling to people,22:34assuming the item in22:35itself—leave them out for a second.22:37We're not talking about items22:38that inherently are22:39muktzeh, like electronics and such.22:41We're talking about22:41items that otherwise would not be22:44muktzeh had they not been for sale.22:45So let's say you have such items22:46in your basement.22:47Even though they're for sale,22:49if you yourself don't care to use them22:52on Shabbat,22:57אינם מוקצה, ... Since you're not so strict22:59about using them23:00for your own purposes,23:03so they don't become23:05muktzeh. L'mashal, let's say you sell clothing23:07in your basement.23:08So if you sell clothing23:09off your basement23:10and you have over there23:12raincoats, winter coats,23:13so now on Shabbat23:15it's raining23:16and you forgot your raincoat23:17in your parents' house,23:18and now you want to use23:19one of23:20the raincoats that you have for23:22sale—of course you can put it23:22back on the shelf23:23and sell it as new.23:24No, I'm kidding.23:25So now you want to use23:26one of those raincoats,23:27so then it would be23:29mutar for you to take it23:30because you're a person23:31who's not makpid.23:31You would take raincoats23:32and just go outside with it.23:34So since you're such a person,23:36the raincoats,23:37even though they're for sale,23:39they're not23:39muktzeh when the need comes up23:40to it on Shabbat.23:45אבל אם מקפיד עליהם להשתמש בהם תשמיש ... דמהם ונתנם לאוצר. But if you're a person23:49who is very careful23:50about using them,23:51you sell high-line stuff,23:53you sell Armani,23:54Gucci, and all the other hashuvi stuff,23:57there's no way23:58you're going to use them personally23:59because you know23:59it's going to ruin them.24:00Quality, once you wear them once, it gives that little wrinkle, they can't sell them again.24:04So then you're very careful with them. Nefer sale,24:07the kelim shemuchtam leheter, because of jackets and shirts and pants and shoes,24:13but you're careful not to use them except for to sell them.24:18Then, harei elu mukzin. Then they have the status of24:22mukzeh. Im notel kelim ve'asurim betaltul afilu24:25l'tzorech gufan u'mekoman, and they become mukzeh machmat chisaron kis, which means you may not move them,24:31l'tzorech gufan or mekoman. You cannot move them for any purpose, for any reason.24:35Now that means even though if you decide on Shabbat, you know what?24:38It's so cold outside, I really need—I'm going to take the Armani jacket, I'm going to wear it.24:42It doesn't go what you decided on Shabbat. It goes by how it came in on Shabbat.24:48When it came in on Shabbat, in your mind you are not going to use such jackets.24:51You're not going to use the jackets they have for sale. They're very, very—HL, they're very high line.24:56So now, all of a sudden that you change your mind on Shabbat, it doesn't make a difference,25:00because this jacket came into Shabbat as mukzeh machmat chisaron kis25:06and remains that way even if you change your mind.25:12And kol sheken l'tzorech haspanah mechamah ltzel. And even more so if you have a leak in the basement25:16and your jackets or your merchandise are getting wet and they're getting ruined,25:20and now you want to move them out of the way, you want to move them out of the leak25:24that they shouldn't get ruined.25:25So why are you moving the items?25:27Because you don't want to get loss for the item itself?25:31For sure that's also asur.25:33Remember, they're25:34mukzeh. What do you do in such a case?25:36You go back to what we mentioned before in the past, which is25:40moving mukzeh is only asur, only forbidden when you move it in a normal way.25:44To move mukzeh— In a non-normal way, what we call in halacha kele achar yad is mutar.25:51So if you have such a case where the basement is leaking and it's going to ruin the merchandise,25:55which to you is muktzeh machmat chisaron kis,25:59then you may move your merchandise in a way that's not normal,26:05which is with your elbows or any such way.26:13Mihu, kelim ha'omedim li'schorah, u'dmeihem yekarim, af al pi shelo nitnanu la'otzar, asur le'taltelan. Things, even though they are not in storage.26:16Beforehand we mentioned things that you put in storage, you have them in the store, you're storing them.26:21Even things that are not in storage, but even if they're for display,26:24if they inherently are expensive, they have the same26:30halacha as asur le'taltelan, and kemichaven be'od yom Tashrish, unless you designate them the day beforehand for usage.26:33This is all true for merchandise.26:36However, the following two items will not become muktzeh even though you're selling them.26:41What are they? Kitvei kodesh, sefarim.26:46So if you're a person who sells books, or if you have books are in storage because they're for sale.26:51For example, you have Shulchan Aruch for sale and you have twenty sets in boxes,26:57and it's expensive,27:00three hundred dollars, three hundred and fifty dollars, and it's lad habad, makes27:03it a thousand dollars, a chazon shas. You have all these sefarim for sale now,27:06even though they're expensive and everything else, but they're sefarim they're made to learn with.27:10If it comes up to your mind all of a sudden,27:12you know what, I want to use a sefer, I want to learn from it.27:15Or, you know, I have my daughter is bringing her son over for a meal.27:19I want to impress him to have nice sefarim.27:21I go to the garage and I put them on my bookcase so it looks like I'm a27:24talmid chacham, or I open up a few books on my table so it looks like I'm really learning,27:30even though lo lshem shamayim and you're not really learning with it,27:32still sefarim do not become27:34muktzeh. Sefarim are not in the category of muktzeh even if they are for sale.27:37This applies also with food that is edible,27:40any food that's made. To eat,27:43even though you sell it from your basement, you have a grocery store in your basement,27:47but since it's edible and you can eat it, you have chips, even though this is for sale,27:52even though you usually don't eat from it, it doesn't make a difference27:55if you decide on Shabbat that you're hungry, you want to take some food from your basement to eat,28:00or from your storage, it will be permitted to eat or to use the sefarim.28:07One exception, though, we mentioned this also in the past,28:12poskim bring down, although food for sale is usually not28:16muktzeh, however, when a person is selling etrogim for Sukkot, for the mitzvah of28:23Arbaat HaMinim, etrogim are muktzeh. Even though it's food, but it's not really used for food;28:26it's used as a mitzvah.28:28Now, when we said sefarim are not muktzeh, that's referring to sifrei kodesh, books that you28:34learn, not28:36Judaica. Shofar for sure, that's considered like a musical instrument.28:40But even other things are Judaica, for display,28:43you know, people have them for display, those are28:47muktzeh. Picture frames, for example, picture frames of gedolim, pictures of gedolim that are for sale,28:54even though you sell them and you have them in your property,28:56but because they are for sale and you're careful not to use them in your house, they are29:02muktzeh. Only exception is sefarim.29:04And food also has to be something that's made to sell as food,29:08not like etrogim, which is made to sell as a keli.29:12So therefore, the etrog turns from a food to a keli29:17because that's how you are selling it, that's how people are buying them.29:21Okay, that's important to keep in mind.29:23We move on now to Halacha Tet in the Ben29:27Ish Chai. Halacha Tet is a short29:32halacha. I don't know, you know, if it's so. I couldn't think of practical applications,29:36but we'll read it anyway if you think of some,29:38okay, Baruch Hashem it works.29:40Davar she'eino keli.29:43Let's say you have an item that really in itself is not a keli. However, ela sheyesh alav Torat keli29:50me'achmat shera'ui l'hishtamesh bo, is it tashmish Shabbat. However, it is something that is usable for Shabbat,29:55but you wouldn't call it a keli.29:57For example,30:02let's say you have strips of wool.30:04We don't have this in our days because times have changed a little bit,30:08but you have strips of wool which they would use for stuffing.30:12They would use eventually to thin them and to make them into strings of wool.30:17But let's say you have them now, strips of wool in the house,30:20but now they're not really keli.30:22You haven't used them yet.30:23You haven't used them for stuffing your pillow or your mattress.30:26But, you know what,30:28when they're piled up together, you could use them as a rug.30:31They can be used to, you know, lie down on them.30:35What would be their status on Shabbat?30:37So he says like this:30:38Im hichnisam le'otzar l'shora, depends on you.30:41How did they come into Shabbat?30:42If they came into Shabbat that you set them aside for sale or for your work,30:48so now you took them out of the status of being a keli,30:54and even though you're not so careful with them,30:56maybe you'll take from them for your own needs,30:58but since you put them for storage, for sale,31:01then they lose their status of a keli.31:03You cannot move them when Shabbat comes in,31:05even though you change your mind.31:08However, if you did not do that,31:10you kept them lying in the house31:12and you could and you probably may use them,31:15so then they don't have the status of31:17muktzeh. You could use them to lie down on them.31:21It's not considered31:24muktzeh. That's31:25Halacha Tet. We're going to now jump back,31:28halacha—we just31:31did halacha Chet and Tet, I mean Zayin, Chet and Tet. We're going to now jump back to halacha Vav31:35and Beis. Hi, and a little bit out of order,31:37we'll now talk about food,31:40if it's muktzeh on Shabbat,31:43and be'ezrat Hashem we will31:48see—yeah, okay, we'll see that really31:50there's a lot of halachot to be learned from the following,31:54and we're going to have to jump a little bit also in Parashiyot31:57to discuss the following31:58halachot. Important halachot, rabotai.32:00These are very, very practical. Let's begin. Halacha vav. We said till now food does not become32:08muktzeh, but there are exceptions to every rule, and this rule is also. There are exceptions.32:13When does food become muktzeh? I want to point out that the food that we're discussing today,32:19hopefully with the time that we have left, as I see in front of me, the food that we're discussing32:24today is food that came into Shabbat with that status. There's another category of halachot which,32:31be'ezrat Hashem, siyata dishmaya, we should finish next week. Food that came into Shabbat as food, but then on Shabbat itself32:39it turned into muktzeh machmat gufo. That is to be discussed, be'ezrat Hashem, in Halacha yud until32:44the end of the, you know, parashat Behar. Here we're dealing with items that entered Shabbat32:51in the same way without changing, what would be their status in halacha and what would be the laws.32:59Let's read from the Ben Ish Chai. Kol ma'achalim she'asurim b'hana'ah. All foods that are forbidden not only in eating but also are33:08forbidden in deriving any benefit from. For example, kegon basar bechalav. You know, halacha is that if you cook kosher meat and kosher33:17milk together, they are forbidden hana'ah, even though it happened by accident. By accident33:22you mixed some milk in your cholent. I don't know why you even thought about that, but let's say33:27it happened, then the cholent is forbidden to eat. It's also forbidden to have any hana'ah. You can't33:35give it to your non-Jewish housekeeper. You can't give it to your pet. You can't give it to your33:39neighbor's pet. You can't have hana'ah from it. It has to be disposed of. That's33:45basar bechalav if they're cooked together. Cooked together. Also orlah. Orlah is any fruit from a tree33:52that is within three years old. That is also forbidden not only in consumption, but also33:59in deriving any benefit from it. Such foods, since, he says over here,34:06she'eino yachol le'achlam gam lechlavim, since they're not fit even for animal consumption, because remember, you can't feed it to34:11animals because that's considered deriving benefit from it. Therefore, asur letaltelam, afilu34:18l'tzorech gufam k'man. They become muktzeh machmat gufo, because even though it's food, but still they34:23have no inherent usage. You can't eat it. You can't feed it even to animals. So have no usage.34:28It's considered muktzeh machmat gufo. It's like a stone. You cannot move them. Not only things like what34:35we mentioned before, even things are forbidden miderabanan be'hana'ah. For example, if a person who is not Jewish,34:49but Christian more so, touches your wine. Touches your wine means not touches the bottle,34:55but touches the actual wine, and therefore that wine becomes forbidden in consumption,35:00and it becomes forbidden as well in benefit. That's why non-kosher wine, for example,35:08this happens, it's a big problem during the Xmas season. A lot of people, they are employees and35:13they work by, a lot of people work by non-Jews, and, you know, as a hakarat hatov, I guess, you know, they give35:23everybody a bottle of wine. And sometimes the Jew will receive a bottle of wine that's not kosher.35:27That bottle of wine that's not kosher is forbidden to drink, obviously; there's no35:33hechsher on it. But that's stam yeinam. It's also forbidden in benefit, and therefore35:38you can't give it as a present to your coworker, say, Here, Tim, enjoy the bottle of wine. You get35:43two bottles of wine. You can get drunk two nights in a row now. All right, right? You can't do that35:48because you're getting hana'ah from that. You don't have to go and pour it down the drain. You can35:53just throw it out, and if somebody picks it up, picks it up. But you can't give it as a present35:56now to somebody else. Imagine now you realize that you have a bottle of wine that's not kosher36:01in your house on Shabbat. Somebody by accident left it there, didn't know this halacha. You can't36:07move it. You can't pick it up. Why? Because you can't give it to your housekeeper, no dog. You36:11can't give it to dogs. You can't give it to animals, and of course no Jew can drink from it.36:15So therefore, that's muktzeh machmat gufo. You cannot move it even if you need the space,36:21even if you need the item itself. Okay. However, אבל מאכלים שאסורים באכילה ומותרים בהנאה. But there are certain types of food36:30that although you may not eat it, but mutar to have benefit from it. For example,36:38כגון נבלות וטרפות, non-kosher meats. Let's say you have meat that's not kosher by accident. You went to a supermarket and you36:44bought non-kosher food, and you see there's no hechsher, you didn't realize it, you picked up the wrong36:48item. You bought non-kosher meat by mistake. That has the status of36:57nevelah and treifah, or בשר עוף בחלב. Or let's say by accident somehow they mixed milk and chicken together. Chicken is different.37:07The Torah says, לא תבשל גדי בחלב אמו, specifically animals. Animal milk together with meat, meat of an animal, that's when they're37:18cooked together, that's when it's asur mide'oraita. But chicken that's cooked together with dairy is only asur miderabbanan. I mean, excuse me, it's only37:24asur—sorry, sorry, sorry—it is asur also miderabbanan, it is, but it's only asur37:29be'achilah, but mutar behanah. Since it's mutar behanah, so what are you going to do with it?37:34Why should you throw it out? You can give it over to a goy. You can give it over to animals.37:42You're allowed to move them since they're— Befining, they could be used for animal consumption;37:49they're not muktzeh. However, betzah shenoldah b'Shabbat, v'chein chalav shechalav b'Shabbat.37:55If the food was brought about on Shabbat, that means, let's say you have chickens in your backyard38:01or in your farm — you're not telling us you have some sort of farm in Brooklyn — and there's an egg38:06that was born, or in the mountains now, right? Yeah, people have chickens in the mountains.38:10Okay, and therefore you have an egg that was born on Shabbat; that's called nolad,38:15v'chein chalav shechalav. Or let's say somebody milked you a cow that you have tied up in your backyard, and somebody milked it on Shabbat,38:21or peirot shenatlu min ha'etz, or fruits that fell from the tree on Shabbat.38:27Now these foods are muktzeh. It's asur to eat them on Shabbat, but they're asur to you,38:34but you're not thinking of giving it over to a non-Jew or to an animal. Why?38:41Sheme'achlin l'adam; it's made for you to eat, asurim l'adam bo38:45bayom, and it's only forbidden to eat that day, but you wouldn't give it away because you know that38:49motzaei Shabbat comes, I'm going to be able to eat them.38:53Even though they could technically be given to animals to eat them, or you could give them also to non-Jews to eat them,39:01since it's not made for that, you are not going to give your fruits over to somebody else.39:06You want them. So therefore, harei ze asur letaltelam b'Shabbat,39:12afilu tzorech gufo u'mekomo, d'nikra muktzeh machmat gufo. Why? Because they have no usage. Think about it. It's food, but you can't39:17eat it. Okay, but somebody else could eat it. No, because you will not give it to them; it's made39:22just for you. So therefore, they're not used for anything. It has a status of a39:30stone. It's considered muktzeh machmat gufo. Here he talks about other examples. I don't need to go into39:38them because we don't have them unless we're living in Eretz Yisrael. Let's keep that, you39:43know, we're running out of time, so we're going to skip that example. But he does make an exception.39:49The exception is, he says,39:55You have something that's forbidden for a human, that means for a regular Jew.40:00But after a long time, it will be mutar. For example,40:05kemach chadash. We discussed already all the laws of kemach yashan,40:08kemach chadash. Let's say you have food that's chadash. You bought it, and you know for sure that this is from the spring crops, spring wheat,40:17and you know for sure it's chadash, so you can't eat it.40:21But after Pesach, if you sell your chametz after Pesach, you could eat it.40:25So such a thing, since it's not going to be permitted till after a long time, people would give it.40:32They want to, you know, sometimes for people it's not worth it to store it, and they would give it over to animals, they would give it over to40:39non-Jews. So therefore, in such a case, even though that food is forbidden for a human being for a certain amount of time,40:45still since it will be mutar to the Jew only after a long time, and the storage might not be an option, the storage might not be an option for the Jew,40:54it's not muktzeh because you would give it over to non-Jews or you would give it over to animals to eat.41:01That is halacha vav, very basic, simple. We didn't go into details or practical applications,41:06and the reason for that is because really the Ben Ish Chai in Parashat Pekudei later on in41:12Shanah Sheniyah, and I'm jumping there, I know I'm going out of order, but we have to do it this way because we got to, you know, understand the subject properly.41:20So jumping now to Parashat Pekudei, halacha tet, there he speaks about other types of foods when they could become41:31muktzeh. Okay, so now, okay, says the Ben Ish Chai in Parashat Pekudei, halacha tet, we're continuing now in foods where they could become41:46muktzeh. Basar chai. Raw meat, even if it wasn't salted. Salted in this case means if it wasn't koshered yet,41:57mutar letatelo, penei shera'ui leachilat adam. The halacha says, the Gemara says, and Shulchan Aruch brings it,42:02one may carry raw meat because it's fit for human consumption.42:07Why? Sheyesh ben adam koshim basar chai. Some people will chew on raw meat.42:15However, raw meat that's very rough, that's very, very hard, and people, you know,42:23and it's not—I'm not talking about frozen, I'm talking about regular raw meat that you can't chew on it.42:28That's asur letatelo because you can't—it's not fit for anything.42:33The same thing will apply also by fat, fats of animals.42:38I know, you know, diet people are not going to be happy with this, but that's how it is, right?42:42People once upon a time, you know, my mother told me in the olden days they used to fight over the fat.42:47And the reason is because they didn't have cars. They traveled by foot or they rode a bike everywhere.42:51Today that we travel by cars, everything is not healthy because we don't move.42:55But in any case, shuman, which is fats of animal, or shuman according to some of the way they pronounce it,43:01in any case, the eino ra'ui leachilat chai. Fat cannot be eaten raw.43:08Asur letatelo. Then it becomes muktzeh; you can't move it.43:10You can't tell me, one second, ve'af al gav de'ra'ui leklabim, you know, you can give it to animals, you give it to dogs or cats.43:15However, the rule is as follows:43:19kol shera'ui lemaachal adam, eino עומד לכלבים. If it's made for humans to eat, just you can't eat it today, but it's made for human consumption,43:24you will never give it over to animals, so therefore it becomes muktzeh machmat gufo,43:31since you can't eat it and you wouldn't give it over to anybody else to eat it because you want to eat it after Shabbat.43:38However,43:40basar saruach mutar letaltel. Any meat that has spoiled. Then you would be able to move it.43:47Since you're not going to eat it, not now and not even after Shabbat,43:51so what are you going to do with it? So you give it over to animals.43:53It doesn't bother you because it's better than throwing it in the garbage; you'd rather give it to animals.43:56So therefore, this food now became fit for animal consumption on Shabbat, and it's not44:03muktzeh. However, the Ben Ish Chai concludes with his own point, a big, big machloket between the44:10Acharonim. Ben Ish Chai says that hai dina de-basar hai, this halacha about raw meat, that it's not muktzeh on Shabbat,44:21mishum de-chazei some, because some people could chew on it or they eat it raw.44:25Says the Ben Ish Chai, in his days—the Ben Ish Chai passed away in the early44:291900s—he says, that means when he wrote this, probably the late 1800s,44:32he says, lo shayach bazman hazeh. He says he doesn't feel that's applicable in his days.44:37Why? Because we see that people don't eat raw meat.44:44So therefore, once upon a time, the time of the Gemara or Shulchan Aruch, people ate raw meat.44:48But today we see people don't eat raw meat,44:50so therefore the raw meat goes back to the way it was once upon a44:56time—that, I'm excuse me, the raw meat becomes muktzeh, not like the way it was once upon a time when they used to eat it.45:02That's Ben45:04Ish Chai's chiddush. And it's not only the Ben45:06Ish Chai. The Ben Ish Chai has poskim also that agree with him, not because they sawed in the Ben Ish Chai, but on their own.45:12You look in Aruch HaShulchan, Rav Moshe Epstein, who lived also in the same time around the Ben45:19Ish Chai, he also writes that since today people don't eat raw meat,45:22you don't have the heter—the heter of eating raw meat was only in the time when people did actually eat raw meat.45:28Since people do not eat raw meat, it's45:32muktzeh. The Igrot Moshe, in our days, Rav Moshe Feinstein zatzal, also writes that raw meat,45:37in our days that people do not eat raw meat, should become45:41muktzeh. And there's other poskim, but we just listed you some of the more famous and bigger poskim.45:48However, not everybody agrees with this45:51halacha. The Mishnah Berurah, although he says b'shaat hadchak, but he still, Mishnah45:56Berurah, osa chacham avadya, and yibadel46:00l'chaim tovim, Harav Nissim Karelitz from Bnei Brak in Sefer Chut Shani,46:04based on the Taz. The Taz writes,46:06you know why raw meat is not46:11muktzeh? Because since it's befitting, it's ra'ui, it can be eaten by people,46:20then it takes it out of the status of muktzeh, since it could be fit for consumption.46:27That means the Taz is explaining it doesn't depend on the fact if people eat it or not.46:33It's just that it could be eaten. Since it's fit for human consumption,46:39that's it. That takes it out of the status of46:42muktzeh. And that's, like we said, the opinion of Chacham Ovadia, Chut Shani, Mishnah46:46Berurah. Raw meat, even if people do not eat it today, does not lose its status of being fit for human consumption,46:52which means that if you have raw meat in your freezer, it's not46:56muktzeh. What do you mean? I can't eat it. It doesn't make a difference.46:58According to Chacham Ovadia, Mishnah Berurah, Chut Shani, I can eat it.47:03The Gemara says that it's fit for human consumption.47:06So that is already one heter that you have for raw meat.47:10But there's another heter.47:12I'm going to introduce the audience to a food known as kibbeh47:18nayyeh. Anybody who's listening who knows what I'm talking about knows this food.47:21I grew up with this food in47:23Syria, and that is raw meat mixed together with wheat, a burgul wheat, which is basically wheat that's sliced in a certain way,47:33cut up wheat kernels.47:37They used to take these wheat kernels together with this ground meat, raw, mix it together with a few spices, and eat it that way.47:45In fact, the word nayyeh comes from the word Hebrew na, which means raw.47:50People used to eat it.47:50So you're right, maybe a person will not take a raw steak and bite on it,47:54but technically you can take it and mix it together and eat it together with some spices.48:00Mix spices, big deal, but you can mix it with spices and some wheat and eat it.48:06So therefore, this kibenei, people do eat, and tiltul, by the way.48:09It might not be as popular today as it was maybe 30 years ago,48:14but people do eat it, and therefore there's another48:18heter. It is fit for human consumption. People do eat it today,48:21although it's not common, but it is48:25ra'ui. That's certainly—you can, even in the times of the Shulchan Aruch,48:28not everybody ate it, but it was ra'ui. Some people did eat it.48:33So therefore, that's a second heter for raw meat.48:38Raw meat will not become muktzeh because it is fit for human consumption.48:42People do eat raw meat as well.48:45Besides the fact, like we said, since the Gemara already established that raw meat48:49is always fit for human consumption,48:51so that also is another reason why a person can handle raw meat on Shabbat.48:56The same logic should apply also to raw fish.49:01If you look in all the poskim, and here the Ben Ish Chai is also not different.49:04I'm going to read from the49:05Ben Ish Chai. Ben Ish Chai writes,49:09וכן דג מלוח מותר לטלטלו, שאינו מלוח אסור. Fish which is salty, you can move it,49:12but if it's not salted fish, then you cannot move it.49:16We're talking about raw fish that's salted,49:18kind of something like herring or something like smoked fish.49:22Says the Ben Ish Chai over here, it has to be salted in a way that's edible,49:25like herring.49:27It's soaked in salt, and then you can eat it.49:29But if it's just, you know, you sprinkle a little bit of salt on it49:32because you plan to cook it later on or to grill it later on,49:36Ben Ish Chai says that's not good enough to take it out of the status of49:39muktzeh. And in fact, the Gemara says that raw fish is not even fit for human consumption.49:46And therefore, the Shulchan Aruch writes49:49that raw fish is mukseh.49:51However, in our days, everybody who's listening will agree49:56that people do eat raw fish, something called sushi and sashimi.50:01Baruch Hashem, for the Japanese, we have now taken raw fish50:06and made it mutar to be moved on Shabbat,50:08and nobody could disagree that people eat raw fish.50:12In fact, we called up a very popular restaurant,50:14a dairy restaurant in Brooklyn,50:16and the manager of the restaurant was asked,50:18How many people order sushi with raw fish?50:22And the percentage, you won't believe it,50:2480% of the orders of sushi in that very popular restaurant are of raw fish.50:3180%, if not higher.50:33I'm being nice.50:35And it's not a mystery, it's not a secret that people do eat raw fish.50:39So therefore, although the Gemara says that raw fish—even dogs won't50:44eat—okay, Chazal told us already50:47in Masechet Sotah, penei hador kipnei hakelev, before Mashiach comes,50:50already we're like, you know,50:51kelevim already in50:53a certain extent, we eat raw fish today, and we eat it regular,50:56not only b'sha'at hadchak, we eat it.50:58Even though we eat it, some people will argue and say,51:01Yeah, but you only eat raw fish when it's mixed with the rice and the cucumbers.51:05You're right, but at the end of the day, it can be edible, right?51:08It's not any different from spices.51:10Do people take paprika and eat it regular? No.51:14But nobody's going to disagree that paprika is not51:17mukseh, because I can use it as a spice by mixing it with other foods.51:21Likewise, I can mix the raw fish with other foods.51:24So therefore, raw fish also will not become51:33mukseh. In our days, raw fish is not51:34mukseh. Everybody will agree on this.51:37Although you won't find—I haven't found any sefer that speaks it out—but the logic is there.51:43Now, what about, the question is brought in the51:47poskim, what about frozen meat and fish?51:51So up to now, what we learned till now,51:53if it's raw meat, some people eat it,51:57and some people say, listen, the Gemara already established that it's ra'ui, it's52:01ra'ui. And fish certainly is edible in our days, even raw.52:05The question is, what about the frozen?52:07So you have Shevet HaLevi who says,52:09frozen meat and fish, since you can't eat it now because it's frozen,52:13so it's52:15muktzeh. Even if you want to permit it because people do eat it,52:18but right now it's frozen, you can't eat it.52:20However, Chacham Ovadia and Chut Shani permit it because,52:23you're right, it's muktzeh, but if I take it out of the freezer, it'll defrost.52:26Not only that, I can put it under hot water.52:29Where am I going to get hot water from?52:29From the urn, the Shabbos urn.52:31I take it, I put it, and I'll soak it in hot water,52:34and it'll defrost, and then it'll be edible.52:37So therefore, even frozen fish and meat is mutar.52:42By the way, if the Yalkut Yosef adds,52:44even if it's partially defrosted, that's good enough also,52:46because that part that's defrosted I can eat.52:50So, like we said in the past, this is a52:55machloket in derabanan, and a person, when it's necessary, of course he can rely,52:58especially if you're Sefardi, they have Chacham Ovadia who says,53:01and even Ashkenazim, mutar. They matir even frozen meat and fish;53:07we can also matir it for the same reason.53:09Let's now make it practical, and we'll finish with this53:13before we take any phone calls.53:15The practical applications of foods that are raw are as follows:53:22moving frozen meat in the freezer to get your ices.53:26It's summer, and every time you buy a box of ices,53:28your kids finish it in a day.53:29So you want to keep it as a Shabbos treat,53:31so you decide, you know what,53:32I know where they're not going to look.53:33You go to the shelf where you have the meats in your freezer.53:36You hide the ices right behind the frozen meat,53:39so this way nobody could see your ices in the back of the freezer.53:43Now you want to get to it on Shabbat.53:45Could you move the frozen meat to get to your ices?53:48And the answer is, although some debate,53:50some argue that frozen meat in our days is53:53muktzeh, however, like we said, many people are permitted53:57for— For a number of reasons, like we said,53:58so therefore it'll be mutar to move my frozen meat or chicken54:04or fish in order to get to my54:08icees. Also, another example, and this even the following example,54:11even in those who are oser, raw meat will agree to this.54:14If someone by accident took out raw meat54:17and you see that it's going to defrost54:20and you can't freeze it again54:21because now you're worried about salmonella disease54:24and it's going to spoil,54:26in that case, even those who are oser will matir, will permit it54:30to move the meat that was taken out of the freezer54:33and to put it back in the freezer54:35that shouldn't spoil.54:36In both cases that we told you you're allowed to move the frozen meat,54:40like we mentioned in the past,54:41it's always good to be yotzei all54:43shitot, to try to cover all opinions.54:44So therefore, if one can move the frozen meat54:47or the fish or the chicken54:50by kelachar yad, which means in a not normal way,54:52if it's possible to move it with your elbows54:54or the sides of your hand or with your wrist,54:56then it's preferable to do that54:57than to move it directly with your hands.55:00However, one small point that we will mention:55:04you can do reverse.55:06You cannot take frozen meat out of the freezer55:11and let it defrost so you can barbecue on Motzaei Shabbat.55:15That's asur because of a different reason,55:17not because of55:18muktzeh, but because of55:19hachanah. You're preparing from Shabbat to the weekday.55:21So therefore, to move frozen meat in the freezer,55:26mutar. Why?55:26Because you need to get to what you need to get to,55:29and you want to be55:30machmir, so move it55:32kelachar yad. But to take the meat out of the55:35freezer to prepare for Motzaei Shabbat,55:37that would be asur.55:39What about other foods that cannot be eaten raw?55:42Bezrat Hashem, that will be the subject of next week,55:47and— Now we are signing out,55:49and we want to give thanks to55:51Nasan and Eran55:52and Nissim, of course, from the radio,55:54from J Radio.55:56We thank you for listening.55:57We'll answer your texts and your phone calls right now,55:59be'ezrat Hashem.56:00This show will be on again tonight at 11 o'clock here on JewRadio.com.