Halacha LeMaaseh of the 39 Melachot

Transcript

1. 0:00So, we said, be'ezrat Hashem, we're going to start new halachot.
2. 0:03So the new halachot that we'd like to start is a little bit different than we've done in the past.
3. 0:09In the past, usually we take whatever subject it is and just go into all the details.
4. 0:15Let's tell you first what the subject we'd like to talk about.
5. 0:17We'd like to talk about the 39 melachot, but not the way I usually teach in the schools.
6. 0:23It's a little different than I would like to talk about it here.
7. 0:25Here, more
8. 0:27halacha lemaaseh, to tell you each one of the 39 melachot with one practical halacha lemaaseh, which is what do we do?
9. 0:34You know, like, okay, this is that concept, but how does it apply to us?
10. 0:37So a lot of the background may be skipped, and sometimes we'll elaborate more than one or two halachot
11. 0:43because things are more relevant. We'll talk about them at that time.
12. 0:47The reason why we're choosing this right now is because we just came off of Rosh Hashanah that fell out on Shabbat,
13. 0:53where we didn't have shofar, and we're going to another Rosh Hashanah that's also going to fall out on Shabbat.
14. 0:59It's back to back.
15. 1:01So the sefarim bring down, whenever there's Rosh
16. 1:03Hashanah—we know from the Gemara and halacha that whenever Rosh Hashanah is on Shabbat, we don't have shofar,
17. 1:08and we don't have shofar, we don't have the zechut of shofar.
18. 1:10What stands for us?
19. 1:12So the Aruch LaNer has a sefer on Musar, and he says over there that Shabbat comes to stand for us.
20. 1:19If Hashem comes to Shabbat and He says to Shabbat, you know, what's going on
21. 1:24here? They're not blowing. Yeah, because they're coming to honor you.
22. 1:26To honor you? Yeah, they can't carry on Shabbat.
23. 1:29But they're treating you only Rosh Hashanah today, they give you
24. 1:31kavod. What about the whole year?
25. 1:32So he says, so if the whole year we're treating Shabbat fine, then, okay, we have the zechut of Shabbat.
26. 1:39Perhaps, maybe we could squeeze in what Chazal
27. 1:46say, that if אילו משמרים בני ישראל שני שבתות, right,
28. 1:48כהלכתן, then Mashiach comes. We have two Shabbatot of Rosh Hashanah back to back,
29. 1:52be'ezrat Hashem, maybe with that zechut we'll be zocheh to the
30. 1:55geulah. With that background, let's get to— The actual melachot, okay?
31. 2:00So the melachot that are found on Shabbat, we know there are 39.
32. 2:05The Gemara learns it from pesukim, but really this was a mesorah. This was a tradition that they had from Moshe,
33. 2:11Har Sinai, they came down.
34. 2:13Most of the— not most, every single one of the 39 melachot is learned from the Mishkan.
35. 2:18And what that means, it's learned from the Mishkan,
36. 2:20it means that we see how they built the Mishkan makes it a
37. 2:26melachah. So Tosafot says, well, they also walked in the Mishkan.
38. 2:31I add, they also sneezed in the Mishkan.
39. 2:34I don't know if they sneezed, maybe they coughed, right?
40. 2:36You can't cough on Shabbat, you can't sneeze on Shabbat, you can't walk on Shabbat.
41. 2:38So obviously, we have to know what is a melachah, what is not called a
42. 2:44melachah. When we say there's a melachah, it means these are really categories.
43. 2:47It's not one act; it's a category.
44. 2:50And each category has many, many details.
45. 2:53In each category, there's things that would be asur from the Torah.
46. 2:57That means a person who breaks it, it's considered like he didn't have avirah from the Torah,
47. 3:02breaks the Torah, equal,
48. 3:03meaning everybody knows this example, talks about fire, right?
49. 3:07Can't light a match on Shabbat.
50. 3:09So some things that we're going to learn are things equal to lighting a fire,
51. 3:12even though to a regular person it doesn't seem like it's so bad.
52. 3:16And there are things that are
53. 3:19asur mid'rabbanan, that the rabbis said that this should be
54. 3:22asur. And we'll detail as we go. Again, we're not going into full detail.
55. 3:25Maybe we'll make another video series about the 39 melachot,
56. 3:29but for now, for halachah, we're going to start going through the melachot.
57. 3:33Another background for today, and that is,
58. 3:37although the 39 melachot, and it's hard to really remember all 39 by heart,
59. 3:40but it can be broken down.
60. 3:43And like we said, if everything comes from the way they built the Mishkan,
61. 3:46you could break down the melachot of 39 into four categories.
62. 3:51Not equal numbers, but four categories.
63. 3:53Category number one is the first eleven melachot,
64. 3:57which are the steps that the Bnei Yisrael did to making the bread
65. 4:02that they placed on the
66. 4:05shulchan, the lechem hapanim. There were eleven steps that were needed to make bread.
67. 4:08That's category number one.
68. 4:10Category number two is the making of the cloth covers.
69. 4:13The Mishkan didn't have a roof;
70. 4:15it had just covers, as the Torah says in Parashat
71. 4:18Terumah. What were those covers made out of?
72. 4:20There was three covers.
73. 4:21There's one made out of wool, one made out of goat
74. 4:25hair—I don't know if you call that wool in English, exactly what that's
75. 4:27called—and one made out of
76. 4:28leather. So category number two is the things that it takes to make cloth.
77. 4:33From the time—it means from wool,
78. 4:35means to say from, but you shear it from the sheep
79. 4:38all the way until the final step.
80. 4:41And category number three is the steps needed for making leather.
81. 4:45Those are seven.
82. 4:45I forgot to tell you the ones making cloth are
83. 4:49thirteen. And then there's category number three,
84. 4:50which is the steps needed to make leather,
85. 4:53which are, what's called, seven steps.
86. 4:56And finally, the last one we could call it construction,
87. 5:00different things that they did for actually setting up the actual structure of the Mishkan,
88. 5:05and those over there have eight
89. 5:08melachot. If you think of the numbers,
90. 5:11eleven, thirteen, seven, eight—not exactly in that order, but also the same numbers that we have on the thirty-nine strings
91. 5:16by when we wrap the tzitzit.
92. 5:19There's seven, then there's eight, then there's eleven, there's
93. 5:22thirteen. Same numbers as the
94. 5:24thirty-nine melachot, which is also connected for Shabbat.
95. 5:26That's for a different time maybe. But with this background,
96. 5:30hopefully we'll start on the melachot beginning tomorrow.